1. Kingdom: Protists Domain Eukarya 2007-2008 Domain Bacteria Archaea
Common ancestor

2. General characteristics
Classification criteria
eukaryotes
not animal, plant or fungi
That’s more of what they’re not & not what they are!

3. dinoflagellates & ciliates
Great Diversity
dinoflagellates & ciliates
brown algae & diatoms
euglenoids
red algae
green algae
miscellaneous?

4. Problems with Protist Classification
Too Diverse!
doesn’t reflect any evolutionary relationship amongst all kingdom members
paraphyletic
Euglenozoa
Animals
(includes land plants)
Streptophyta
Choanoflagellida
Fungi
Chlorophyta
Rhodophyta
Stramenopila
Alveolata
Archaea
Bacteria
Something’s not right here!

5. Theory of Endosymbiosis
mitochondrion
internal membrane system
aerobic bacterium
Ancestral eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell with
mitochondrion
Paramecium & symbiont Chlorella
photosynthetic bacterium
chloroplast
Eukaryotic cell with chloroplasts

6. Protist Diversity The full spectrum of modes of life
from unicellular to multicellular
autotrophic to heterotrophic
asexual to sexual reproduction
pathogenic to beneficial
sessile to mobile

7. Mobility
How Protists move
flagellum
cilia
pseudopod

8. Protist Diversity Animal-like Protists heterotrophs, predators Amoeba
Paramecium with food vacuoles stained red
Protist Diversity
Animal-like Protists
heterotrophs, predators
Amoeba
Paramecium
Stentor
Amoeba ingesting a Paramecium

9. Protist Diversity Plant-like Protists autotrophs, photosynthesis
Euglena
algae
diatoms

10. Protist Diversity Parasitic & pathogenic Protists malaria Giardia
trypanosomes
Plasmodium
African Sleeping Sickness and South American Chagas Disease
Giardia
Trypanosoma

11. Giardia for example… Have no mitochondria or Glogi apparatus.
Do have some mitochondrial relics called mitosomes.
Human Infection is called- Beaver Fever

12. Mmmmmm! Sounds like breakfast!
Protist Diversity
Beneficial & necessary Protists
phytoplankton
small algae + diatoms
much of the world’s photosynthesis
produces ~90% of atmospheric oxygen
zooplankton
heterotrophic protists + animals
key ecological role at base of marine food web
Mmmmmm! Sounds like breakfast!

13. Any Questions??