1. Biotechnology & rDNA

2. Biotechnology
Biotechnology- application of a technological process, invention, or method to living organisms
Examples
1. Selective Breeding
5. Southern Blot/Electrophoresis
2. Hybridization
6. Cloning
3. Inbreeding
7. Vegetative Propagation
4. rDNA
8. Stem Cells

3. Selective Breeding
1. Selective breeding- allow only the organisms with desired traits to produce the next generation

4. Hybridization
2. Hybridization- cross dissimilar individuals to make the best of both organisms

5. Inbreeding
3. Inbreeding- breed animals with similar characteristics

6. 4. rDNA
Genetic Engineering- 2 or more different pieces of DNA that are inserted into a plasmid vector (DNA carrier such as bacteria)
Product: rDNA, or recombinant DNA
Vector

7. Making rDNA: Step 1 Cut section of DNA
Restriction enzymes cut between specific base pairs
Place DNA into circular piece of DNA called plasmid vector by ‘sticky ends’
Example: Virus or bacteria

8. Making rDNA: Step 2
Isolated DNA and vector are combined using the enzyme ligase
Anneal them: Glue them together!
Ligase: enzyme that anneals

9. Making rDNA: Step 3 Cloning Make copies of the gene
Example: Bacteria undergo asexual reproduction because you need exact copies

10. Making rDNA: Step 4 Add antibiotic resistance to isolated gene
Inserted gene
No inserted gene
Cells die!
Cells live

12. Use of rDNA- produce insulin

13. Other Uses of rDNA Creation of medicines Vaccines Gene therapy
Large quantities, cost effective, reliable
Example: Growth hormone & insulin
Vaccines
Example: Hepatitis B vaccine
Gene therapy
Replace ‘faulty’ genes with better ones
Examples: Immune disorder, cancer, cystic fibrosis
Alter Crops
More tolerant to climate, ripening speed, better nutrition, inserted pesticides/herbicides
Transgenic animals
Growth hormone, extra chromosomes, cloning, organ transplants