1. PAF 101 Module 5, Lecture 6
“There is nothing more difficult to carry out, nor more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to handle, than to initiate a new order of things.” -Niccolo Machiavelli
Why is it so hard to change things?
Forces of stability are always more powerful than the forces of change.
People with money do not want change.

2. Class Agenda Announcements Some Advice on Prince Charts Strategies
Change in South Africa
Assignments

3. Extra Credit Opportunity
12/2: Citizenship and Civic Engagement Action Plan Presentations, 9:30- 11:30am in the Maxwell Auditorium
Get 6 points if you go for the whole two hours!
Kristen will be there with a sheet to sign in and out

4. Community Service
Final community service form due 12/5 at the beginning of class at 12:45
Short responses should be typed on a separate sheet of paper (if not in PAF 110) and stapled
If late, points will be deducted as they are on modules.

5. 5 Hour Requirement Grading Policies
-35 Points
Service outside Onondaga County or at SU
Not at an appropriate site
-15 Points
Did not attach short answer questions questions (unless in PAF 110)
Did not get approval for a service site however it was an acceptable form of community service
-5 Points
Essay responses not thorough
Did not attach form of permission however, did completed perspective form or ed Community Service Director
NOTE: Students do not GAIN 35 points from fulfilling the 5 hour requirement, they can only LOSE points

6. Dale Carnegie Fireside Chat
Featuring Griff

7. Competition Points Group # Points A 24 B 22 C 20 D 14 E 11 H 8 F 7 G 6J 5 I
Winners
Losers
As of 11/18/16

8. Quick Review of Prince Charts
Be clear on proposed policy and government unit implementing it
Assume the policy forecasted will happen by end of 2017
Players for So Trump and not Obama is President and House and Senate are controlled by Republicans
Learn as much as you can about the policy and the issue position, power and priority of the players

9. Strategy Exercises in Chapter 10
Come up one of the players in the Prince Chart who will take action to increase the likelihood that your policy will be implemented
Come up with the action and discuss how it will change the Prince Chart

10. SU tuition increases should be held to the rate of inflation
Prince Chart
SU tuition increases should be held to the rate of inflation
Player
Issue Position
Power
Priority
Prince
Board of Trustees -5 5 4
-100
Chancellor -4
-80
Student Association +4 2
+32
Office of Financial Aid +2 1 +8
Alumni Association +1
Probability of Implementation:
44 / 224 = 20%

11. Choosing A Player Firm Issue Position High Priority High Power
Select Player to execute a strategy
Choosing A Player
Firm Issue Position
High Priority
High Power
Player
Issue Position
Power
Priority
Prince
Board of Trustees -5 5 4
-100
Chancellor -4
-80
Student Association +4 2
+32
Office of Financial Aid +2 1 +8
Alumni Association +1
Note:
Look at 10.1

12. Exercise 10.1 Player Analysis
Player Implementing the Strategy
Strength
Weakness
Opportunity
Threat

13. S.W.O.T. Analysis for Your Player
Strength
Weakness
Capabilities?
Competitive advantages?
Resources, Assets, People?
Experience, knowledge, data?
Financial reserves, likely returns?
Marketing - reach, awareness?
Innovative aspects?
Location and geographical?
Processes, systems, IT, communications?
Cultural, attitudinal, behavioral
Gaps in capabilities?
Lack of competitive strength?
Reputation, presence and reach?
Financials?
Own known vulnerabilities?
Timescales, deadlines and pressures?
Effects on core activities, distraction?
Reliability of data, plan predictability?
Morale, commitment, leadership?
Accreditations, etc.?
Opportunity
Threat
Market developments?
Technology development and innovation?
Regional influences?
New markets, vertical, horizontal?
Niche target markets?
Geographical, export, import?
Information and research?
Partnerships, agencies, distribution?
Volumes, production, economies?
Political effects?
Legislative effects?
Environmental effects?
IT developments?
Market demand?
New technologies, services, ideas?
Vital contracts and partners?
Sustaining internal capabilities?
Obstacles faced?
Sustainable financial backing?
Economy - home, abroad?

14. Thinking About Strategies
A strategy for Exercises is a specific action your chosen player will take to move the probability close to his or her issue position.
Making arguments using research and emotion are a given and therefore can not be your strategy
Be careful with “arguments” point on slide-remind students that they can’t use arguments as a strategy in their module

15. Thinking About Strategies
Player
Issue Position
Power
Priority
Prince
Board of Trustees -5 5 4
-100
Chancellor -4
-80
Student Association +4 2
+32
Office of Financial Aid +2 1 +8
Alumni Association +1
Be careful with “arguments” point on slide-remind students that they can’t use arguments as a strategy in their module
What actions can you take to change:
Issue Position
Power
Priorities

16. Change Issue Position of Players With:
Lowest issue position (best to start with)
Highest priority
Highest power
Player
Issue Position
Power
Priority
Prince
Board of Trustees -5 5 4
-100
Chancellor -4
-80
Student Association +4 2
+32
Office of Financial Aid +2 1 +8
Alumni Association +1
Note:
Look at 10.3
WRC Example

17. Threats must: Target a specific player Be credible
Not push other players to oppose you
Not raise priority of the players that oppose your position
Player
Issue Position
Power
Priority
Prince
Board of Trustees -5 5 4
-100
Chancellor -4
-80
Student Association +4 2
+32
Office of Financial Aid +2 1 +8
Alumni Association +1

18. Promises must be: Credible Not illegal Specific
A.K.A horse trading, back scratching, quid pro quo, trade-offs
Player
Issue Position
Power
Priority
Prince
Board of Trustees -5 5 4
-100
Chancellor -4
-80
Student Association +4 2
+32
Dean of Financial Aid +2 1 +8
Alumni Association +1

19. A compromise is taking less than you wanted.
Specific
Appealing to the player
Credible
Not throwing the baby out with the bath water

20. Actions to take to change your player’s power:
Numbers
Money
Long terms and very difficult
Allies

21. How the greatest change agent of the 20th century used the Prince System
           

22. Facts About South Africa
Population About 13% White, 75% Black, 9% Mixed, and 3% Indian in 1980’s
16th Century Dutch Colonize and Become Afrikaners
British Takeover After Beating Up Afrikaners
National Party Establishes Apartheid As Law
1950’s-1990’s - Organized and Violent Opposition
Multi-Racial Regime Headed By Mandela Takes Power

23. Facts about Mandela Joins African National Congress (ANC) in 1942
Jailed in 1963
Released in 1990*
Becomes President in 1994
*Prince System born in early 1970’s

24. 98/373= 26% Figure 1: 1986 Prince Chart Probability of Implementation:
“One person, one vote
in South Africa”
Player
Issue Position
Power
Priority
Prince
ANC +5 1 5
+25
Communist Party
Pan African Congress +2 2 +4
Liberal Party
National Party -4
-100
Conservative Parties -5 3
-75
West and Int’l Business +3 +9
Military 4
Inkatha
+10
One man, one vote.
A little confusing. Who are these people? Explain.
Probability of Implementation:
98/373= 26%

25. 238/313= 76% Figure 2: 1990 Prince Chart
“One person, one vote
in South Africa”
Player
Issue Position
Power
Priority
Prince
ANC +5 3 5
+75
Communist Party 1
+25
Pan African Congress +2 2 +4
Liberal Party
National Party
+50
Conservative Parties -5
-75
West and Int’l Business +3 +9
Military +1 4
+20
Inkatha
+30
Probability of Implementation:
238/313= 76%

26. Facts About South Africa
Timing is everything, as in the case of all change
Decline of South African Economy
Building of International Pressure
Fall of Soviet Union
Growing fear of civil war by all sides

27. Facts About South Africa
Major challenges were overcome by threats, promises, horse trading, and compromise
Cohesion of “friends” – ANC, PAC, Lib. Party, Communist Party, Inkatha, International Business and Most Countries
Building Trust with “enemies” – National Party, Military, Conservative Parties
Note:
Prospect of better business opportunities combines with threat of civil war and loss of political power worked enough to maintain discipline in the ANC without it losing power to other groups.
Prospects of better business and less violence plus promise that the ANC could maintain discipline worked enough to allow DeKlerk to maneuver Conservative parties in.
British culture of compromise, with Afrikaner demand for order and business and African and Asian cultures that value community served as an underlying glue.

28. Lessons About Change Change is very slow and very hard
Macro social, economic, and political trends have to be properly aligned
Fear is the most powerful source of change, greed is the second most powerful
Capacity for compromise comes from culture, circumstance, and leadership

29. Political Strategy Consultant
Frank J. Lazarski President United Way of Central New York 518 James Street P.O. Box 2129 Syracuse, New York

30. For Next Class Review what you wrote for 9.2-9.5
Complete the exercises in Chapter 10
Start thinking about 11.1
Community service forms due on Monday, December 5th by 12:45!