1. Earth System Science ESS-200 Ocean
Bruno Tremblay
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences

2. Atmosphere General Circulation 3-cell model
Ferrel cell not well defined

3. Surface Ocean Current

4. Coastal Upwelling

5. Chlorophyll Concentration

6. Surface Ocean Current

7. Meridional Circulation

8. Surface Ocean Current

9. Equ

10. Global Thermohaline Circulation
And this constitute the second major link between sea ice and the global climate.
Sea ice typically leaves the Arctic and melt in the Greenland and Labrador Sea, two regions where the deep water is formed…
This picture shows the global thermohaline circulation with surface water flowing northward in the Atlantic, cools and densifies and sinks and resurface in the north Pacific after (thousands of year time scale). Associated with this meridional current is a net heat transport northward since the surface water area warmer than the return flow at depth.
Some believe that if the stratification is increased in the north Atlantic, convection in the Labrador and Greenland Sea could be cut, leading to a reduced heat lfux northwrd and consequently to a colder climate at high latitude.
Of course there are sub-tropical mechanism responsible for fluctuation in the thermohaline circulation (such as precip and intensity of surface current and different residence time at certain location), but there are also high latitude mechanism involving sea ice that could also be very effective in producing changes. Of course, some people think that the role of the ocean is overestimated and that really the atm is doing most of the work...

11. CFC – Ocean Tracer
Southern Ocean
North Atlantic – 24N

13. Grand Banks Ocean Circulation

15. Sea Ice Drift

16. Ice Motion

17. International Arctic Buoy Program 1979-1998

18. Sea Surface Height

19. Topex Poseidon

20. Ocean Circulation
Surface ocean circulation
Meridional circulation

21. Sea Surface Heigh Topex Poseidon

22. Dynamic Ocean Topography

23. Sea Level Pressure Pattern

24. High and Low

25. Dynamic Ocean Topography

26. Ekman Spiral

27. Sea Surface Height