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MALVINO Electronic PRINCIPLES SIXTH EDITION
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Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuits
Chapter 22
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Inverting comparator +VCC 100,000 vin Diode clamps for protection vout -VEE vin +Vsat -Vsat vout
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The trip point of a zero-crossing detector should be near zero volts.
Inverting comparator with input bias compensation vout vin +VCC -VEE RB
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Bounded output zero-crossing detector
+VCC vin vout -VEE vin +VZ + 0.7 -VZ - 0.7 vout
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Non-inverting threshold detector
+VCC vin vout R2 R2 R1+R2 VT = VEE -VEE R1 vin VT +Vsat vout -Vsat
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IC comparators Op amps have speed limitations due to the internal compensation capacitor. Comparator ICs are optimized for non-linear operation so the capacitor is not needed. Comparator ICs often have open-collector outputs to make interfacing more flexible.
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Using a pullup resistor with an open-collector output stage
+V pullup vout IC comparator When the transistor is off, the resistor pulls vout up to +V.
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The Schmitt trigger uses positive feedback
R1+R2 B = +VCC vin vout UTP = BVsat -VEE R1 LTP = -BVsat R2 H = 2BVsat UTP vin LTP +Vsat vout -Vsat
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vin +Vsat vout -Vsat UTP vin LTP +Vsat vout -Vsat
Comparing a zero-crossing detector to a Schmitt trigger when both have noisy input signals. UTP vin LTP +Vsat vout -Vsat
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Window comparator +VCC vout LTP +Vsat D1 vin -VEE vout LTP HTP vin
RL D2 Output is low when input is in window HTP -VEE
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Integrator 10R R C vin vin vout T V = vin -T RC vout V
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Rectangular to triangular converter
vin +VP vout vin -VP vout(pp) = 2fRC VP vout
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Triangle to pulse converter
vin vout R2 R2 R1+R2 VT = VCC VT +VCC R1 vin vout
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Relaxation oscillator
vout C UTP LTP vC R2 R1 vout T = 2RCln 1+B 1-B
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Triangular waveform generator
C2 R3 R4 C1 vout R2 R1
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Another triangular waveform generator
C vout R1 R1 R2 Vsat UTP = R2 4R1 R3 C f = H = 2UTP Vout(pp) = H
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Active half-wave rectifier
vin RL VK VK(CL) = AOL An op amp with negative feedback allows the rectification of signals with amplitudes less than the diode knee voltage.
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Active peak detector with reset
RLC > 10T vin C RL Reset
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Active positive clamper
vin RL An op amp with negative feedback allows the clamping of signals with amplitudes less than the diode knee voltage.
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Differentiator R C vin vout 0.01R to 0.1R
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