1. Team “Japan” BA352 Section 005
Chapter Five: Appreciating Individual Differences: Self-Concept, Personality, Emotions
Team “Japan”
BA352 Section 005

2. Self Concept
Defined as the concept the individual has of oneself as a physical, social, and spiritual or moral being.
Self-concept would be impossible without the capacity to think…
Cognitions
Represent any knowledge, opinion, or belief about the environment, about oneself, or about one’s behavior.
The 3 main ideas behind ‘self’ include self esteem, self efficacy, and self monitoring…

3. I’m ugly, I’m fat, I’m a loser = low self esteem
Defined as the belief about one’s own self worth based on an overall self-evaluation.
For Example…
I’m ugly, I’m fat, I’m a loser = low self esteem
I’m the most beautiful person on Earth, both inside and out = high self esteem
Self esteem and performance are directly correlated…

4. Self Efficacy
Defined as a person’s belief about his or her chances of successfully accomplishing a specific task.
High self efficacy has been linked to success in widely varied physical and mental tasks alike.
Self efficacy is a very important concept managers must understand in order to be successful

5. Self Monitoring Definition High Self Monitors Low Self Monitors
The extent to which a person observes their own self expressive behavior and adapts it to the demands of the situation.
High Self Monitors
Also known as chameleons
Regulate their expressive self presentation for the sake of desired public appearances
Low Self Monitors
Often criticized for being insensitive and living on their ownj planet

6. Self Monitoring in OB Context
It is like any other individual difference, there is no right or wrong
It is a source of diversity that needs to be adequately understood by present and future mangers
Recommendations
There is a positive relationship between high self monitoring and career success
Low self monitors become more consciously aware of your self image and how it affects others
High self monitors don’t over do it by turning from a successful chameleon into an insincere, dishonest or phony person.

7. Self Management
Albert Bandura propounded the comprehensive model of human learning
Idea behind the model is that “You are the master of your own behavior
The behavior component in the model, encourages people to seek self improvement
Managers have found an agenda for self improvement through Stephen Covey’s “Seven Habits

8. Personality Dynamics
Personality: combo of stable physical & mental characteristics that give an individual his or her identity
Big Five Personality Dimensions
Extraversion – outgoing, talkative, sociable
Agreeableness – trusting, cooperative, good natured
Conscientiousness – dependable, responsible
Emotional Stability – relaxed, secure, unworried,
Openness to experience – imaginative, curious, intellectual

9. Job Performance
Scoring strongly with the big five dimensions correlates with job performance
Conscientiousness has strongest positive correlation with job performance
Extraversion associated with the success of managers
Stronger indicator then agreeableness

10. Locus of Control What is it?
The way a person takes responsibility for their behavior and its consequences
Internal locus of control
People who believe they take control of the events in their life
External locus of control
It’s beyond their immediate control
Attributes outcomes to environmental causes

11. Attitudes versus Values
A learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner with respect to a given object.
Attitudes versus Values
* Values represent global beliefs that influence behavior across all situations
* Attitudes relate only to behavior directed towards a specific object, person, or situation

12. Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities
Intelligence: an individuals capacity for constructive thinking, reasoning, problem solving.
Two Types of Abilities
General mental ability needed for all cognitive tasks
Unique to the task at hand

13. 7 Major Mental Abilities
Verbal Comprehension
Word Fluency
Numerical
Spatial
Memory
Perceptual Speed
Inductive Reasoning

14. Positive and Negative Emotions
Emotions are “Complex human interactions to personal achievements and setbacks that may be felt and displayed”
Emotions involve all aspects of a person
Biological
Psychological
Social
Felt Emotions
Displayed Emotions

15. Contagious Moods and Emotions
Negative Emotions (Goal incongruent)
Anger
Fright/anxiety
Guilt/shame
Sadness
Envy/jealousy
Disgust
Positive Emotions (Goal congruent)
Happiness/joy
Pride
Love/affection
Relief

16. Emotional Labor and Intelligence
Emotional Labor – having to fake your emotions or mood
Emotional labor and be detrimental to the employee performing the labor
May cause employees to bottle up feelings
Women are more emotionally expressive than men
Emotional Intelligence
Personal Competence
Self-Awareness
Self-Management
Social Competence
Social Awareness
Relationship Management

17. Thank you!