1. Chapter 2 Historical Perspectives and Current Directions

2. Major Phases in the Field of Learning Disabilities
Foundation phase: 1800–1930
Brain research
Transition phase: 1930–1960
Clinical study of children
Integration phase: 1950–1980
School programs
Current phase: 1980–present
Current directions
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3. Time Line: Phases in the Development of the LD Field
Figure 2.1, page 34
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4. Example of Visual Perception
Do you see a young woman or an old woman in this picture?
Figure 2.2, page 38
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5. Changes in Terminology
Brain-injured child (1947)
Alfred Strauss
Minimal brain dysfunction (1966)
Peter Clements
Learning disabilities (1963)
Samuel Kirk
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6. Special Education Laws
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