1. Respiratory Disorders

2. Bronchitis Description:
Inflammation of the bronchioles.
Mucous cells lining resp. tract secrete more mucous than normal.
Air passages narrow and decreased air movement.
Causes: bacterial or viral infection, environmental chemicals

4. Bronchial Asthma Description: Causes: Inflammed bronchioles
Results in imbalance between air entering (more) and air exiting lungs (less)
Person needs to increase effort of expiration to compensate
Symptoms include: coughing, wheezing, tightness in chest, shortness of breath
Causes:
Associated with allergies

6. Emphysema Description: Causes:
Decreased number of alveoli and surface area for gas exchange leads to laboured breathing
Decreased diameter of bronchioles causes a build up of pressure in lungs, causing alveoli to collapse
Most often leads to COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Causes:
Smoking
Chronic bronchitis

8. Lung Cancer Description: Causes: Uncontrolled growth of cells in lungs
Tumors block bronchioles reducing airflow to lungs
Decreased surface area for gas exchange
Causes:
Most commonly smoking

10. Respiratory Infections

11. Influenza (Flu) Description Causes Highly contagious
Infected person coughs/sneezes and sends droplets of moisture containing the virus into the air
Symptoms include: dry cough, sore throat, runny nose, muscle aches etc…
Causes
Caused by a virus (various mutations…most recent is H1N1 in 2009)

12. Tuberculosis (TB) Description Causes
Symptoms include coughing, chest pain, coughing up blood, night sweats
Affects the lungs, but can move to nervous system and cause death
Causes
Bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Spread through air when infected people sneeze or cough

14. Pneumonia Description Causes Infection of lungs
Causes inflammation of lining of bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli
Causes pus and mucus to accumulate in alveoli preventing gas exchange
Causes
Caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi