1. Subcultures and Countercultures
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Subcultures and Countercultures

2. Subculture
A cultural subgroup differentiated by status, ethnic background, residence, religion, or other factors that functionally unify the group and act collectively on each member
“Hicks” as a subculture?
Cliques within the student population as subcultures

3. Counterculture
A culture, especially of young people, with values or lifestyle in opposition to those of the established culture
Seeks to change the dominant culture

4. The 1920s
After WWI, the birth of new social, sexual, and musical freedoms produced a countercultural backlash that resulted in the clashing of racial identities, gender roles, and ethnic disturbances
Women asserting independence
“Flappers”
Prohibition and reaction against it
Jazz and racial issues

5. The 1930s Depression Class war?
Sacco and Vanzetti (anarchy, controversial trial)
Bonnie and Clyde (outlaws)
Woody Guthrie (folk music, revolutionary, ‘this land is your land’)

6. The 1940s
Well…

7. The 1950s Post WWII Society generally conservative, rigid
Military influence? Cold War beginning?
Reactionary movements
Civil rights
Rosa Parks
Malcolm X
Martin Luther King Jr.
Black Panther Party (60s)
The Beat movement

8. The Beat Movement Jazz Drugs Sexual experimentation
Rejection of materialism
Key figures
Jack Kerouac (On the Road)
Allen Ginsberg

9. The 1960s Children who grew up in the repressive 50s react against it
Reaction against escalating cold war and Vietnam
Women’s liberation movement
Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique
“The Pill” and implications

10. Hippies More drugs Marijuana LSD Dr. Timothy Leary Ken Kesey
Performed LSD experiements
Turn on, Tune in, drop out
Ken Kesey
Acid Tests and the Merry Pranksters

11. Hippies Questioning Authority Anti-war movement
“Don’t Trust Anyone Over 30”
Anti-war movement
Protests
Draft Dodgers

12. Music Protest Music Psychedelic Music Bob Dylan Jimi Hendrix
The Grateful Dead

13. The 70s – 80s Not much in terms of counterculture LGBT movement
Reaction against counterculture movement of 60s?
LGBT movement
Harvey Milk
The Punk Movement
Anti-establishment, anti- authority, etc.
Sex Pistols, Ramones, Clash, Dead Boys

14. The 1990s Environmentalism Anti-globalization movement
Reaction to America’s foreign policy
WTO/IMF/World Bank
Musical background
Punk, Folk
Rage Against the Machine
Grung

15. The 2000s Reaction to war in Iraq/war on terror/Bush –era policies?
What are contemporary counterculture movements?
Will we ever see such a massive, relatively uniform counterculture movement, like we did in the 60s, again?