1. Vietnam poverty & environment nexus study phase II Land resource – Poverty Study in Vietnam
Tran Nhu Trung
Vice director of TECOS
Join stock company of consultancy service & technology development for natural resources & environment
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2. Why is the land law an important topic in poverty and environment?
The land Law was first implemented in The latest Land Law 2003 with more toward to the economic & social (poverty) development objectives of Vietnam
There is a need for monitoring the impact of land policy on poverty & environment
3 land administration measures
Land allocation (forestland)
Land titling (land use right certificate)
Land use planning (land law = modern LUPs)
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3. A database for 611 districts & 61 provinces: containing 5 data groups: 1) general socio-economic, 2) Topographic & infrastructure, 3) Poverty, 4) Land & 5) Environmental data.
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4. Case study Tuyen Quang province Nghe An province Binh Dinh province
6 districts
6 communes
12 villages
176 households
Contrasted conditions among case study areas
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5. Background of 6 study districts
Commune
Uses of sloped land
Important stakeholders
% poor
Ethnic groups
TQ 1
Orange in village 1
SFE in village 2, with conflict
66%
84% MNG
TQ 2
RA forbidden by local government but practiced
Protected area
87%
53% MNG
NA 1
Tourism: 1 village resettled
RA restricted by local government
69%
94% MNG
NA 2
RA organized by district with land allocation
District
67%
95% MNG & SSG
BD 1
Cassava, cashew
SFE, without conflict
53% No
BD 2
RA, cashew
SFE, with conflict
80%
97% SSG
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6. Main findings
Legal framework improvements, especially in land administration, are one of the leverage points that have potential to improve sustainability of natural resource use & reduce poverty, but the poorest communities are largely by-passed by these improvements (WB PEN II report).
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7. Differences of land allocation proportion for household and enterprises in each region
Households
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8. Thre is a weak correlation between allocation of land use rights and poverty & environment.
The impact of land use rights depends on how confident households are in using land. There are too many parties in forest land decision making. Households with & without Forest Land Allocated by Poverty Level
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9. Same land allocation in one province but different results & impact on environment in two districts
Clear forest, plant orange & easy escape from the poor
Do not use forestland – poor remains
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10. Environment is completely protected
Nghe An province: Households have not determined how to manage / develop the forestland they have.
Environment is completely protected
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11. No matter households receive forestland or not…
Binh Dinh province:
No matter households receive forestland or not…
…following customary rule, slash-burn activities are prevalent
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12. Modern LUP is a win-win solution for poverty and environment (but now, limited participation from local people, other stakeholders, complicated procedures…)
What can I do with this land?
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13. Land policy implementation needs an appropriate community capacity
Some district officers have limitation understanding of the Land Law 2003
Communal officer needs appropriate skills
Village is not an administrative unit in system, but plays a key role
in land policy implementation
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14. Some changes of Vietnam land administration since the PEN
Decision-makers are more aware of the impact of poverty & environment from land policies and of differences between lowlands and uplands.
An action plan of development a modern LUP (incorporates more environment & social issues) will be released on Sep 2006 by MONRE
More interaction between local people and officers in dealing with land issues – 2 events for question and answer on land between local people and MONRE, DONRE in 2006
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15. Recommendations
Urgent need for a monitoring system for land, poverty, & environment based on the current statistical system
Develop modern land use plans, which is simple to implement at local level.
In forestry reform, clarify the role/decision making process on forestland. It would be better has only one instead of several agencies as moment. Transition from State forest enterprise to non-State enterprise sector should be pro-poor.
Capacity building of commune & village leaders should be a key element in land policy implementation in upland areas : community leader information and training on legal framework
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16. Thanks For your intention!
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