1. A Comprehensive Framework for Developing ICT for Development (ICT4D) Indicators
Professor Clement K. Dzidonu
Senior Research Fellow
International Institute for Information Technology (INIIT)
Presented at the Joint ITU/ECA Regional Workshop on ICT Indicators
26-29 October 2004, Gaborone, Botswana

2. The Basic Starting Premise
Developing Indicators NOT for its Own Sake Not about…’Indicators for Indicators Sake’,,,but rather about developing and using Indicators as a MEANS to achieve or accomplish something else (process, action, decision making,)…. Indicators are NOT an END in itself.
The ‘Indicators Business’ is therefore more about identifying, developing and using suitable/appropriate Indicators…to shed some lights on a phenomena, guide a particular process, monitor and assess an impact of an action or decision/policy process and provide guidance on how to proceed the next time round on an informed footing.

3. Starting Points: Examining the Digital Divide Question
Is the Digital Divide = A Divide Between Technological Haves and ‘Have-Nots’ = [The Digital Numbers Divide (DND)]…?
The Measure of the Divide (the Gap)
Computer Penetration and Diffusion
Teledensity
The Level of Internet Deployment and Spread
The ICT Landscape
The Point of Reference of the Divide
North-South Divide
Within Country Divide
Rural vrs Urban Divide
The Gender Divide
Rather: Is The Digital Divide = Developmental Divide =
[The Developmental Digital Divide (DDD)]…?

4. The Digital Divide: Scoping the ‘Which Indicators’ Question
The concept of the ‘digital divide’ and its implications is often defined in terms of the degree of access to ICTs in general and in particular to the Internet and its related emerging advanced communication technologies.
Statistics like: the number of Internet hosts and subscribers, the level of PC penetration among others are often used as a rough indicator of a measure of the digital divide between two countries.
----- Based on these estimates, most developing countries including African countries are generally regarded as having comparatively less or inadequate access to these technologies.
The Contention is that: The problem of the digital divide is NOT a technological one; --- it is not merely an issue of a divide between ‘technological-haves’ and the ‘technological-have-nots’.
The threat posed by the digital divide to African countries is more of an economic development problem than a mere technological one.

5. The digital divide and its implications has more to do with the inability of a number of countries including those in Africa to deploy, harness and exploit the developmental opportunities of the emerging digital information and technological revolution to advance the process of their socio-economic development.
The deployment, exploitation and the development of ICTs to support the process of transforming the predominately agricultural economies of African countries and move them towards information and knowledge economies is the central issue ----
To answer the ‘which indicators’ question… we therefore need to go beyond looking at the implications of the digital divide purely in terms of access to and the use of ICT resources and services to examine its wider implications in socio-economic development terms.

6. The Argument is that:
African countries and other developing countries will eventually narrow the ‘digital numbers divide’ (DND) as the technology advance and becomes more portable and affordable
But narrowing the ‘digital numbers divide’ will not necessary translate into narrowing (or for that matter bridging the ‘developmental digital divide’ (DDD)
African countries will require more efforts to bridge or narrow the DDD than will be required to address the DND…
Putting in place and implementing relevant policies (NICI policies, strategies and plans) with a view to bridge the DDD and developing suitable indicators to guide this process will be one such effort.

7. Linkages Between Indicators and the ICT4D Process
monitor, assess, measure
progress and ‘impact’
THE HOW..?
THE WHAT..?
THE BASE/CASE
guide the development
and target setting
provide basis and make case
guide policy formulation

8. The ‘Dual’ Focus ICT Sector Development ICT Industry ICT Service
ICT infrastructure
strategic
focus
infrastructure
development
R&D
ICT as ‘Enabler’ of
Broad-base
Development
agric
sector
service
sector
industrial
sector
social
sector
public
sector
private
sector

9. Acknowledging that…. The Basic Question being Addressed …..
How to address the developmental challenges of African countries and accelerate their socio-economic development process through the development, deployment and exploitation of ICTs
It is not just about ICTs…is more about facilitating the development process to transform the socio-economic outcomes of households, businesses and impact on government operations. The Indicators question need to be addressed within this wider context.

10. The ICTs cut across a variety of technologies including:
Defining the ICT Space
The ICTs cut across a variety of technologies including:
Computer and Comms devices, equipment and technologies
Telecommunications technologies and infrastructure (fixed line, wireless, satellite-based and mobile infrastructure)
Communications and network technologies and infrastructure for voice, data and video
Broadcasting networks including radio and TV networks
The Internet --- incorporating elements of computers, telecom and communications technologies to form an integrated multimedia infrastructure with a global reach
Production technologies including those used in CIM and production systems and operations
Computer-based technologies for supporting specific operations & activities in agriculture, industry and commerce

11. Educational computer-mediated delivery technologies for supporting teaching, learning and training
Computer-based technologies used for supporting health delivery operations and systems, including those used in computer-aided surgery, and ICUs,
Robotics technologies used in a variety of industrial processes, and manufacturing operations
Microchip technologies used in ranges of consumer products, like: watches, cars, fridges, TVs, radios washing machines etc
Information processing technologies used for processing simple documents to processing and transmitting information to and from space crafts

12. The ICT Indicators Space
ICT4D
Indicators
agriculture
sector
industrial
service
social
HRD
R&D
House-holds
public
ICT
Infrastructure
Businesses
Government
Impact
indicators

13. The ‘CUT’ Model for ICT2D Indicators
TRANSFORMATION
‘impact’
indicators
intensity
USAGE
indicators
CAPACITY
indicators
time

14. The ‘CUT’ Ripples Loop
capacity
usage
transformation
time

15. BASIS GOAL MEANS [FOR POLICY] [TO DEV. IKE] [POLICY/PLAN]
To Effect Outcomes
Of Households
Business, Govt
BASIS
[FOR POLICY]
Baseline Indicators
To Guide IKE Dev
Policy & Plan
ASSESSMENT OF IMPACT OF GOAL
(DEV OF IKE) ON HOUSEHOLDS
BUSINESS & GOVT.
[Indicators: Monitoring &
Measuring the impact of IKE Dev on H’holds, B’ness, Govt]
MEANS
[POLICY/PLAN]
To Achieve Goal
ASSESSMENT OF
PROGRESS TOWARDS
GOAL – DEV OF IKE
[Indicators: Monitoring and Measuring Impact (‘effect’) of MEANS on GOAL]
ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN
BL INDICATORS AS MEASURE OF
PROGRESS/LofP TOWARDS IKE
Core Indicators
Specific Indicators

16. DEFINING THE IKE GOAL SPACE
A high income economy dominated by trading in ICT products and services
An economy characterized by a large commercial services sector with a reasonably large and vibrant ICT services sector and industry
An economy characterized by a technology-based knowledge-driven industrial sector
An economy with a globally competitive industrial and services sector which are to a large extent driven by cutting-edge R&D encompassing basic and applied industrial and product development.
An economy based on a rich pool of highly skilled human resources in critical skill areas relevant for developing and maintaining a competitive edge on the global market

17. cont. DEFINING THE IKE GOAL SPACE
An economy in which the majority of the working population are either directly or indirectly involved in information and communications related activities
An economy with a modern, efficient and competitive agricultural sector
An economy characterized by a wide-spread deployment and exploitation of ICTs within the society to support the delivery of health, education, government and social services
An economy characterized by a modern educational system within which ICTs are widely deployed to facilitate the delivery of educational services at all levels of the educational system
An economy in which a reasonable large proportion of the population have access to information and communications technology products and services

18. cont. DEFINING THE IKE GOAL SPACE
An economy in which the provision and delivery of goods and services of the key sectors of the economy are to a large extent facilitated by information and communications technologies
An economy in which the provision and delivery of services by government and its administrative machinery are to a large extent facilitated by information and communications technologies
An economy based on an advanced and reliable national information and communications infrastructure
An economy based on a literate society with a high proportion of computer literates

19. Defining the Policy Space
Developing Key Sectors of the Economy;
Agriculture, Services and Industry
Promoting the Development of E-Commerce
Promoting ICT Deployment and Social
Sectors: Education, Health, and Community
Government Administration and Service Delivery - Promoting E-Government
Promoting Research & Development (R&D)
Promoting Universal Access and Service
Legal, Regulatory, and Institutional Framework & Environment
Human Resource Development
Promoting Foreign and Local Direct Investment Drive in ICTs
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
National Security and Law and Order
Developing a Globally Competitive Value-Added Services Sector
POLICY/PLAN
PILLARS

20. The ‘BASIS’: Baseline Indicators to Guide Policy/Plan Dev.
ICT Infrastructure Development
Indicators on the level of deployment and the geographical spread of ICT infrastructure:
Telecommunication infrastructure (fixed line, mobile, satellite, national backbone infrastructure); communications and computer networks infrastructure;
Internet Infrastructure and International and Local Bandwidth,
Broadcasting infrastructure (radio and TV);
Transport infrastructure, Power infrastructure
Example Baseline Indicators
Mobile Subscriber as % total Tel Subscribers
Long-Haul Internet Bandwidth
No. of Internet Hosts
Radios per 1000 inhabitants
TVs per 1000 inhabitants
Main tel lines per 100 inhabitants (urban vrs. rural)
Mobile Subscribers per 100 inhabitants (urban vrs. rural)
No. of Internet Subscribers per 100 inhats (urban vrs. rural)
No. of PCs per 100 inhabitants (urban vrs. rural)
Mobile Subscriber as % total Tel Subscribers

21. The ‘BASIS’: Baseline Indicators to Guide Policy/Plan Dev.
Human Resource Development
Indicators on ICT Human Resource Capacity; Human Resource Capacity in key Skill Areas; Human Resource Capacity in Key Sectors of the Economy: Agriculture, Services and Industry .
Indicators on the Human Resource Development Capacity of the Universities, Colleges and Other HRD Institutions and Establishments; Research and R&D Human Resource Capacity.
Indicators on the supply and demand of human resources in key technical, managerial and professional skill areas across all sectors
Example Baseline Indicators
Total Supply and Demand of ICT Skills: (Programmers/ Software/System Developers/Analysts,
Computer Scientists, Telecomm/ Network Engineers/Technicians etc)
Level of Employment in the ICT industry (in absolute terms and % of total workforce (and gender
distribution in terms of ICT Skills/Employment)
Salary of ICT professionals by type of ICT Skill/ Employment
Number of universities and colleges offering ICT programs

22. The ‘BASIS’: Baseline Indicators to Guide Policy/Plan Dev.
Promoting Universal Access and Service
Indicators on the spread of ICTs (computers, telecom network and services, Internet) within the society and community;
Indicators on the penetration of ICT services and resources within the community and society;
Indicators on the level and degree of exploitation of ICTs with the economy and society
Indicators on the degree and level of deployment of ICT infrastructure and services in rural communities
Example Baseline Indicators
No. per 1000 inhabitants (within 5 km/walking distance) proximity to an Tel. Access Facility (IAF)
No. per 1000 inhabitants (within 5 km/walking distance) proximity to an Internet Access Facility (IAF)
Number of telecenters/comms centers per 1000 inhabitants
Number of Public Phones per 1000 inhabitants (rural vrs. urban)
Tel./Internet Access Charges [Tel/Internet Connection Charge, Monthly Tel/Internet Subscription rate, Fixed
Line/Mobile Tel Tariffs: 3 minutes Local Call, Fixed Line/Mobile Tel Tarriffs: Subscription as % GDP per capita]

23. The ‘BASIS’: Baseline Indicators to Guide Policy/Plan Dev.
Government Administration and Service Delivery – E-Government
Indicators on the degree and level of: the deployment and exploitation of ICTs as well as the deployment and implementation of e-government systems and initiatives within Government Ministries, Department, and Public Agencies and Establishments.
Example Baseline Indicators
No. and Percent of Govt. MDAs with Internet Connection
No and Percent of Govt. MDAs with corporate networks
No. and Percent of Govt. MDAs with Web Sites
Percent of Govt MDA that implement E-Gov Systems (e.g. Back office systems etc)
Percent of Govt MDA providing services online
Percent of ICT personnel (per total staff) in Govt MDAs
Percent Expenditure on ICTs (per total expenditure) in Govt MDAs

24. The ‘BASIS’: Baseline Indicators to Guide Policy/Plan Dev.
Promoting the Development of Electronic Commerce
Indicators on the degree and level of the deployment and exploitation of ICTs within private sector organizations in the services, and industrial sector
Indicators on the diffusion of ICTs and the Internet within the services, and industrial sector.
Indicators on the extent of the development and production of ICT products (software development, computer and communication devices) and the provision of ICT services (telecom services, Internet services, web and content dev. services, ICT equipment maintenance and repair services etc) within the economy
Indicators on the degree and the extent of the provision of e-commerce facilitation services (banking services, merchant services, fulfillment house services, etc)
Example Baseline Indicators
Percent of Establishment placing orders over the Internet: Agric Sector
Percent of Business placing orders over the Internet: Service Sector
Percent of Firms placing orders over the Internet: Industrial Sector

25. Indicators Cont…..
Percent of Establishment receiving orders over the Internet: Agric Sector
Percent of Business receiving orders over the Internet: Service Sector
Percent of Firms receiving orders over the Internet: Industrial Sector
Percentage of local Banks proving online banking services
Percentage of population with credit cards
Software Exports as percentage of total non-traditional exports
Percent of locally sold ICT goods and services produced locally
Indicator to gauge the e-commerce legislative enabling environment
Country Global competitiveness index
Business Facilitation Index
Digital Divide Index

26. The ‘BASIS’: Baseline Indicators to Guide Policy/Plan Dev.
Developing Key Sectors of the Economy: Agric, Services & Industry
Indicators on the level of deployment and the degree of exploitation and utilization of ICTs within the key sectors of the economy: services, industry and agricultural sectors
Indicators on the spread of ICTs within the key sectors of the economy: services, industry and agric sectors
Indicators on the demand and supply of ICT-skills within the key sectors: services, industry & agric sectors
Indicators on the level of ICT-related investment in key sectors of the economy: services, industry and agricultural sectors
Indicators on the growth rate, productivity levels of each of the key sectors of the economy
Avrg size (no. of emplys) of ICT firms
Percent of ICT Personal (per Total staff):
Agric Sector
Percent of ICT Personal ( per Total staff):
Service Sector
Industrial Sector
Example Baseline Indicators
Indicator to measure ICT contribution GDP/GNI Growth
Indicator to measure ICT contribution Agriculture Value Added
Indicator to measure ICT contribution Services Value Added
Indicator to measure ICT contribution Industrial Value Added
Indicator to measure the contribution to Export Earnings
ICT FDI (as percent of total FDI inflow)

27. Indicators Cont….. Percent of Staff/Workers that use PCs: Agric Sector
Percent of Staff/Workers that use PCs: Service Sector
Percent of Staff/Workers that use PCs: Industrial Sector
Percent of Establishments with Corporate Network: Agric Sector
Percent of Business with Corporate Network: Service Sector
Percent of Firms with Corporate Network: Industrial Sector
Percent of Staff/Workers that use Internet: Agric Sector
Percent of Staff/Workers that use Internet: Service Sector
Percent of Staff/Workers that use Internet: Industrial Sector
Percent of Establishments with Web Site: Agric Sector
Percent of Business with Web Site that use PCs: Service Sector
Percent of Firms with Web site: Industrial Sector

28. The ‘BASIS’: Baseline Indicators to Guide Policy/Plan Dev.
Promoting ICTs Deployment in Social Sectors: Education, Health, and Community
Indicators of the level of diffusion and level of utilization of ICTs (computers, Internet etc) within the educational, health sectors and in the community
Indicators to measure the degree of the deployment, penetration and the exploitation of ICTs in schools
Indicators on community access to ICT services (rural vrs urban)
Access and connectivity indicators on telecom and communication services: telephone and Internet services
Indicators on gender-related ICT access and usage statistics
Indicators on the level of ICT expenditure and investment in the educational and health sectors
Example Baseline Indicators
Percent of schools with Web Sites
(urban vrs rural)
Percent of schools implementing
schoolnet (urban vrs rural)
Percent of schools with PCs (urban vrs rural)
Percent of schools with tel (fixed/mobile) (urban vrs rural)
Percent of school with Internet connectivity (urban vrs rural)
Percent of schools with electricity (urban vrs. rural)

29. Indicators Cont….. Average computer to pupil ratio (urban vrs rural)
Percent ICT expenditure as per total school budget (urban vrs rural)
No. of ICT literate Teachers per school (urban vrs. rural)
ICT literate Teachers as percent of total no. of Teachers per school (urban vrs. rural)
Percent of hospitals/health centers with PCs (urban vrs rural)
Percent of hospitals/health centers with Internet connectivity (urban vrs rural)
Percent of hospitals/health centers with Web Sites (urban vrs rural)
Percent of schools implementing telemedicine (urban vrs rural)
Average computer to doctor/medical personnel ratio (urban vrs rural)

30. The ‘BASIS’: Baseline Indicators to Guide Policy/Plan Dev.
Promoting Research and Development
Indicators to measure to research and R&D human resource base
Indicators to measure national expenditure and investment in research and R&D
Indicators on the volume and value of research and R&D output
Indicators on ICT product and services development related research and R&D work
Example Baseline Indicators
Expenditure on R&D as percent of GDP
Number of Scientists and Engineers per 1000 inhabitants
High tech Exports as percent of Total Exports
Industry R&D Expenditure as percent of total company budgetary expenditure
Number of industrial patent per 1000 inhabitants
Number of Research Degree Recipient per annum

31. The ICT4D Indicators Framework
IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Dev, of IKE
A high income economy dominated by trading in ICT products and services
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Human Resource Development
Government Admin & Service Delivery – E-Government
Promoting E-Commerce and the Dev of the Private Sector
Developing Key Sectors of the Economy: Agric, Services and the ICT Industry
Indicators to monitor and measure economic growth, productivity (agric, industrial, services), GDP and GNI attributable to ICT4D initiatives
Cont…

32. The ICT4D Indicators Framework
IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Dev, of IKE
An economy characterized by a large commercial services sector with a reasonably large and vibrant ICT services sector and industry
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Promoting E-Commerce and the Dev of the Private Sector
Developing Key Sectors of the Economy: Agric, Services and the ICT Industry
Indicators to measure the contribution of the ICT production and services sector to economic growth, GDP and GNI
Indicators to monitor and measure the size of the commercial services sub-sector activities

33. Cont… Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
An economy characterized by a technology-based knowledge-driven industrial
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Promoting E-Commerce and the Dev of the Private Sector
Developing Key Sectors of the Economy: Agric, Services and the ICT Industry
Promoting R&D
Indicators to monitor and assess the knowledge-based activities of the industrial sector
Indicators to monitor, assesses and measure the contribution of knowledge-based industrial sub-sector activities to economic growth, GDP and GNI
An economy with a globally competitive industrial and services sector which are to a large extent driven by cutting-edge R&D encompassing basic and applied industrial and product development.
Human Resource Dev
Indicators to assess R&D expenditure per million of population
Indicators to assess the impact of R&D on productivity in the industrial and services sector
Indicators to measure the size of high-tech exports attributable to R&D
Cont…

34. Cont… Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
An economy in which the majority of the working population are either directly or indirectly involved in information and communications related activities
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Human Resource Development
Promoting Universal Access and Service
Government Administration and Service Delivery – E-Government
Promoting E-Commerce and the Dev of the Private Sector
Developing Key Sectors of the Economy: Agric, Services and the ICT Industry
Promoting ICTs Deployment in Social Sectors: Education, Health & Community
Indicators [Indexes] to measure the proportion of the working population involved in information and communication related activities of the economy
Indicators to measure the gender composition of the working population involved in information and communication related activities of the economy
Cont…

35. IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
An economy with a modern, efficient and competitive agricultural sector
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Human Resource Development
Developing Key Sectors of the Economy: Agric, Services and the ICT Industry
Promoting R&D
Indicators to measure the extent of mechanization of agricultural production activities
Indicators to measure the extent of commercialization of agricultural activities
Indicators to measure expenditure and investment on agricultural research and R&D
Indicators on the degree of deployment and exploitation of ICTs to support agricultural activities (production, processing, distribution and marketing)
Cont…

36. IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
An economy characterized by a wide-spread deployment and exploitation of ICTs within the society to support the delivery of health, education, government and social services
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Human Resource Development
Promoting Universal Access and Service
Government Administration and Service Delivery – E-Government
Promoting ICTs Deployment in Social Sectors: Education, Health & Community
Indicators to measure the extent of the deployment and the spread of ICTs within the community
Indicators to monitor and measure the degree of deployment, and exploitation of ICTs within the Educational, and Health sector and institutions
Indicators to monitor and measure the degree of adoption of ICTs to support operations and activities within government and public sector institutions
Indicators to monitor and measure the degree of diffusion of ICTs within education, health and govt. institutions
Cont…

37. IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
An economy characterized by a modern educational system within which ICTs are widely deployed to facilitate the delivery of educational services at all levels of the educational system
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Human Resource Development
Promoting ICTs Deployment
in Social Sectors: Education, Health & Community
Promoting R&D
Legal, Regulatory & Institutional Framework and Environment
Indicators to measure the ICT adoption rate within the educational system
Indicators to measure the degree of modernization within the educational system [Educational system modernization coefficients/indexes]
An economy in which a reasonable large proportion of the population have access to information and communications technology products and services
Promoting Universal Access and Service
Promoting E-Commerce and the Dev of the Private Sector
Indicators to measure the contribution of ICT products and services sector to GDP, GNI
Indicators to monitor and measure household expenditure on ICT products and services
Indicators to capture changes in consumption patterns of households
Cont…

38. IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
An economy in which the provision and delivery of goods and services of the key sectors of the economy are to a large extent facilitated by information and communications technologies
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Promoting Universal Access and Service
Promoting E-Commerce and the Dev of the Private Sector
Developing Key Sectors of the Economy: Agric, Services and the ICT Industry
Promoting ICTs Deployment in Social Sectors: Education, Health & Community
Legal, Regulatory & Institutional Framework and Environment
Indicators to measure the degree of the deployment of ICT infrastructure within the country
Indicators to measure the level of Internet connectivity and usage within specific relevant sectors of the economy
Indicators to assess the degree to which organizations and establishments within key sectors of the economy makes use of ICTs to facilitate the provision of services
Cont…

39. IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
An economy based on an advanced and reliable national information and communications infrastructure
ICT and Enabling Physical Infrastructure Development
Human Resource Development
Promoting Universal Access and Service
Legal, Regulatory & Institutional Framework and Environment
Indicators monitor and measure the level and the spread of ICT infrastructure
Indicators to measure the spread and density of various information and communication technologies within the society and communities
Indicators to measure the extent of the deployment of communications and network systems and technologies within organizations and indicator
Indicators to measure the diffusion rate of ICT infrastructure within key sectors of the economy
Cont…

40. Cont… Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
IKE Feature/Sub-Goal
‘GOAL’
Relevant Policy Pillars
‘MEANS’
Indicative Broad Indicators for Measuring the Development of IKE
An economy based on a rich pool of highly skilled human resources in critical skill areas relevant for developing and maintaining a competitive edge on the global market
Human Resource Development
Promoting ICTs Deployment in Social Sectors: Education, Health & Community
Promoting R&D
Human resource development indicators
Indicators to measure the quality of human resources
Indicators to assess the critical nature of various skills to the IKE
Indicators to assess the critical mass requirement of various IKE skills
An economy based on a literate society with a high proportion of computer literates
Promoting Universal Access and Service
Indicators to measure the ICT literacy within the society
Indicators to measure the level and the spread computer awareness within the country
Indicators to measure the degree of adoption computer education and training within the educational system
Indicators on computer-related skills and professional within the workforce
Cont…

41. Assessing the Measuring Targeted Impact
of the IKE: Impact on Households
Household Income Levels
Employment Levels
Gross National Income Levels
Economic Outcomes
Indicators
Education Impact
Indicators
Health Impact
Social Services Impact
HOUSEHOLDS
Social Outcomes
Indicators
ICT Access & Usage
Outcomes Indicators
Household ICT Access Levels
Households ICT Ownership
Household Level ICT Penetration
Households ICT Usage Levels

42. Assessing the Measuring Targeted Impact
of the IKE: Impact on Businesses
Economic Outcomes
Indicators
Productivity Levels
Global Competitiveness Levels
Gross National Income Levels
FDI and Local Investment Level
Profitability Levels
BUSINESSES
Business ICT Access Levels
Business ICT Ownership Levels
Business Level of ICT Penetration
Business ICT Deployment Levels
Business ICT Production Levels
Business ICT Usage Levels
ICT Access & Usage
Outcomes Indicators

43. Assessing the Measuring Targeted Impact
of the IKE: Impact on Government
Performance Outcomes
Indicators
Productivity Levels
Operational Efficiency Levels
Service Delivery Improvement Levels
Reduction in Corruption Level
Reduction in Inefficiency Levels
Level of Computerization
E-Gov Service Delivery Performance Index/Rating
GOVERNMENT
Govt. MDA ICT Access Levels
Govt. MDA ICT Ownership Levels
Govt. MDA Level of ICT Penetration
Govt. MDA ICT Deployment Levels
Govt. MDA ICT Production Levels
Govt. MDA ICT Usage Levels
ICT Access & Usage
Outcomes Indicators

44. Concluding on the ‘Which Indicator’ Question
The position therefore is that the ‘which indicators’ question will need to be addressed holistically (taking the broad picture perspective) in terms of: which indicators to develop to:
guide the ICT4D policy formulation and implementation process [Type 1 ICT4D Indicators]
monitor, assess and measure the impact of the policy implementation process to establish the extent which the GOAL to move to an IKE (developing the information society) is being achieved [Type 2 ICT4D Indicators]
monitor, assess and measure the impact of the policy implementation process on households, businesses and government processes and service delivery [Type 1 ICT4D Indicators]

45. Concluding on the Question of Methodology/Approach
For each of the specific indicators need to decide on the:
purpose/type of the indicator [Type 1, Type2, Type 3]:
relevant information to be collected/gathered;
possible sources of the relevant information to be gathered;
methods to be used for obtaining or gathering the required information;
relevant types of questionnaire to be used in cases where a postal survey or a face-to-face interview is required and
format in which the information gathered as per each indicator is to be presented or summarized.

46. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION
…. AND PATIENCE
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