1. Production Materials & Tools
Standard: 1
Central Concept: Appropriate materials, tools & machines enable us to solve problems, invent & construct
Strand: Given a design task, identify appropriate materials (e.g., wood, paper, plastic, aggregates, ceramics, metals, solvents, adhesives) based on specific properties and characteristics (e.g., strength, hardness & flexibility)

2. Learning Standards
1. Materials, Tools & Machines Appropriate materials, tools and machines enable us to solve problems, invent, and construct Given a design task, identify appropriate materials (e.g., wood, paper, plastic, aggregates, ceramics, metals, solvents, adhesives) based on specific properties and characteristics (e.g., strength, hardness and flexibility).

3. Learning Objectives
At the conclusion of the lesson students will be able to: 1) Define Production Materials
2) How do you choose the correct material when making a product
3) Compare & contrast Organic & Inorganic Materials 4) Compare & contrast Renewable & Non Renewable Materials 5) Define Mechanical Properties 6) List & describe 8 types of Production Materials (Wood, Plastic, Metal, Composite, Paper, Ceramic, Solvent, Adhesive)

4. Production Materials Materials that are used to make products
Standard: 1
Central Concept: Appropriate materials, tools & machines enable us to solve problems, invent & construct
Strand: Given a design task, identify appropriate materials (e.g., wood, paper, plastic, aggregates, ceramics, metals, solvents, adhesives) based on specific properties and characteristics (e.g., strength, hardness & flexibility) 4

5. PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
When choosing a material to make a product you must be sure that the material has the correct -
PROPERTIES & CHARACTERISTICS
Property/Characteristic:
a distinctive or distinguishing feature or quality
Is the material:
- soft or hard - flexible or non-flexible - clear or hard to see through - does it conduct electricity - lightweight or heavy

6. Natural material that comes from something that is or was once alive
Organic Material
Natural material that comes from something that is or was once alive
Wood
Cotton

7. Natural material that comes from minerals that were never alive
Inorganic Material
Natural material that comes from minerals that were never alive
Metal
Stone
Water
Ceramics

8. Can be grown to be replaced
Renewable Material
Can be grown to be replaced
Wood

9. Nonrenewable Material
In limited supply and when they are used up there is no way to get anymore
Crude Oil 9

10. Mechanical Properties
How a material reacts when a force is applied to it
Strength:
Ability to withstand forces of tension & compression
Elasticity:
Ability to stretch out of shape & return to the original shape
Hardness:
Ability to withstand scratches, dents & cuts

11. Wood Wood is an organic & renewable material Wood can be used to make
Furniture, Fuel & Paper
Wood can be classified as
Hardwood Comes from trees that lose their leaves during cold or dry seasons
Softwood Comes from trees that produce cones and keep their leaves all year long
Maple
Oak
Pine

12. Paper Created by combining and bonding fibers
Most common source of these fibers is wood pulp
Paper is an organic & renewable material
Common uses of paper
Packaging Boxes, bags, envelopes
Communication Writing & Printing
Entertainment Books, magazines, art, newspapers

13. Metal Metal is an inorganic & nonrenewable material
Mined from natural rock deposits
Metal can be processed into many different shapes

14. Metal
Alloys:
Created by combining two or more metals
Examples of alloys:
Steel (Iron & Carbon)
Bronze (Copper & Tin)
If a metal is a pure metal it will appear in the Periodic Table of the Elements

15. Ceramics
Made from inorganic, mostly nonmetallic minerals (clay, sand or quartz)
High temperatures are used to fuse these minerals into products
Most ceramics are thermosetting - once they are heated & formed they can never be softened again
The ceramic that is not thermosetting and can be recycled is:

16. Ceramics Products made from ceramics Bricks Dinnerware
Bathroom Fixtures
Space Shuttle Tiles
Pottery

17. Plastics can be classified as
Plastic is a Synthetic Material: Man made - Not found in nature
Most plastics are made from petroleum
Plastic is formed into products using heat & pressure
Plastics can be classified as
Thermoplastic When no longer needed the parts can be melted and formed into new products
Can be recycled
Thermosetting Plastic Can only be heated and formed into a product once
Cannot be recycled

18. Adhesives
Material that chemically attaches two or more surfaces together
Commonly Used Adhesives:
White Glue: Elmer’s Glue
Hot Melt Adhesive: Hot Glue Gun
Cyanoacrylate: Super Glue
Epoxy: Strong glue – bonded by mixing resin & hardener

19. Composites Material created by combining two or more materials
This new material that is better than the original materials are on their own
Some composites are made by bonding with an adhesive the following: - wood or wood fibers - glass carbon or fiberglass - Kevlar - metal
Concrete:
Composite made by mixing sand, gravel & cement

20. Composites
Composites have become a popular material for sports equipment because they are lightweight & durable

21. Solvents
Substances that can dissolve or disperse one or more other substances
Used in products such as paints, adhesives, cleaning products, dyes & inks
The most common solvent in every day life is…
Water
Use With Caution!!!
Many solvents are flammable
Many solvents can be very harmful to your health if they are: - ingested - inhaled - contact your skin
Some solvents can also be very harmful to the environment if they are allowed to spill into the soil

22. Learning Standards
1. Materials, Tools & Machines Appropriate materials, tools and machines enable us to solve problems, invent, and construct Identify and explain appropriate measuring tools, hand tools, and power tools to hold, lift, carry, fasten, and separate, and explain their safe and proper use.
1.3 Identify and explain the safe and proper use of measuring tools, hand tools, and machines (e.g., band saw, drill press, sander, hammer, screwdriver, pliers, tape measure, screws, nails, and other mechanical fasteners) needed to construct a prototype of an engineering design.

23. Learning Objectives
At the conclusion of the lesson students will be able to: 1) List & describe 4 types of tools (Hand Tools, Power Tools, Measuring Tools & Holding Tools)
2) Understand the importance of the safe use of tools

24. Instruments that increase ability to do work
Tools
Instruments that increase ability to do work

25. Tools powered by human muscle
Hand Tools
Tools powered by human muscle
Hammers
Saws
Pliers
Utility Knife
Brace & Bits
Tin Snips
Screwdrivers
Wrenches

26. Tools with a power system
Power Tools
Tools with a power system
Power Drill
Circular Saw
Sander
Power Nailer
Table Saw
Band Saw
Drill Press

27. Measuring Tools
Used to identify size, shape, weight, distance, density or volume
Tape Measure
Protractor
Calipers
Ruler
Carpenter’s Level
Combination Square
Triple Beam Balance

28. Holding Tools Clamps Vices
Used to hold things in place to prevent injury to person or damage to thing being worked on or made
Clamps
Vices

29. Tool Safety Rules Clothing Eye protection Hard Hat Ear protection
Dust Mask
Steel-toed boots
Work gloves
Heat resistant gloves when working with hot materials
Do not wear clothing that may get caught in spinning equipment - Roll up sleeves
Tie long hair back
Pay Attention to Surroundings
Keep fingers away from moving parts of machinery
Never leave a running machine unattended
Make sure the area is clear before you start a machine
Concentrate on task when using equipment

30. Tool Safety Rules Know What You Are Doing
Only use tools that you have been instructed how to use properly
Do not use tools to perform a job that it was not intended for
Always cut away from yourself
Do not work alone
Do not use broken tools or equipment
Do not use dull tools
Observe and follow safety signs and warnings
RED
DANGER
YELLOW
CAUTION