1. Motion
Physical Science

2. Frame of Reference
An object’s motion is related to a fixed body or place
Fix = something not moving
Common Frame of Reference = The Earth

3. What is Displacement? The direction from the starting
Straight line length distance between starting and ending point
Has direction and distance

4. Combining Displacement
Displacement is a vector
Vector=quantity with magnitude and direction
How to combine vector
Same direction, add them
Opposite direction, subtract them and give direction to it from highest value’s direction

5. Examples of Combining Displacement
A ball was kicked East 10 meters then it was kicked East 5 meters. How far and in what direction is the ball from the start?
Sarah ran 20 meters North from her house before turning around and ran 15 meters South. How far and in what direction is Sarah from her House?

6. What is SPEED? A rate of motion
Change of position (distance) over a period of time

7. Speed Formula Speed = distance ÷ time s= d/t s = speed (unit = m/s)
d = distance (unit = m)
t = time (unit = s)

8. Average verse Instantaneous Speed
Average Speed
Is calculated for the total distance and total time of the motion
Instantaneous Speed
Speed at a certain point
Speed right NOW

9. Speed Example Problems
Ex #1: Alex rode his motorcycle 600 meters in 15 seconds. How fast did he go?

10. Speed Example Problems
Ex #2: What is the average speed of the car that the graph represent?

11. What is Velocity?
Is speed with a direction
Velocity is considered a vector

12. v = velocity (unit= m/s)
Velocity Formula
Velocity = distance ÷ time
v = d/t
v = velocity (unit= m/s)
d = distance (unit = m)
t = time (unit = s)

13. End of day one

14. What is Acceleration Rate of change in velocity
Change of velocity in a given time
Acceleration is a vector
It is where you increase your speed

15. a= (vf - vi)/t Acceleration Formula
a = acceleration (unit = m/s2 or m/s/s)
vf = final velocity (unit = m/s)
vi = start velocity (unit = m/s)
t = time (unit = s)

16. Deceleration AKA: negative acceleration
Solve using acceleration formula except answer is negative
It is where you decrease you speed

17. Acceleration Problem Examples
#1 A car starts from rest and accelerates to 20 m/s in 4 seconds. What is the car’s acceleration?

18. Acceleration Problem Examples
#2 A runner is going at a speed of 5 m/s and increases her speed to 55 m/s in a time of 25 seconds. What is the runner’s acceleration?

19. Acceleration Problem Examples
#3 A train slows down from 200 m/s to a stop in 50 seconds. What is the train’s deceleration?

20. Speed Graphs (distance verse time)
Constant Speed
Not Moving

21. Acceleration Graphs (speed verse time)
Deceleration
Constant Speed

22. Acceleration Graphs (Distance verse time)
Deceleration
Constant Speed

23. End of Day two

24. Momentum Is the product of the mass of the object and its speed
The heavier an object, the harder it is to stop its movement

25. Momentum Formula p = m * v Momentum = mass * velocity
p = momentum (unit = kg*m/s)
m = mass (unit = kg)
v = velocity (unit = m/s)

26. Momentum Example Problems
#1 At the end of a race, a sprinter with a mass of 80-kg has a speed of 10 m/s. What is the sprinter’s momentum?

27. Momentum Example Problems
#2 A pitcher throws a baseball with a speed of 40 m/s. That baseball has a mass of 0.15-kg. What was the momentum of the baseball?

28. Momentum (one final important note)
Slow moving massive objects and a fast moving small mass object have the same momentum
Lets do the math
Car 1
Mass= 100kg
Velocity= 1 m/s
Car 2
Mass= 1kg
Velocity= 100 m/s

29. End of unit