1. #17 Ch.3.3 Notes Manifest Destiny
OBJECTIVE: Understand how Americans continued to move westward and gained new territory through diplomacy and war.

2. REASONS FOR WESTWARD EXPANSION

3. Settling the Frontier Americans Pursue Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny: belief that the U.S. would expand to the West.
Settlers seek land and opportunity; merchants, manufacturers follow.

4. Trails West
Santa Fe Trail: Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico (Traders)
Oregon Trail: Missouri to Oregon City, Oregon (Missionaries and Farmers)

5. The Mormon Migration
Mormons flee religious persecution; Brigham Young leads trek to Utah.
Mormons settle in desert near Great Salt Lake.

6. Texan Independence
Mexican government offers former Spanish mission lands to American settlers.
Stephen F. Austin forms an American colony in Texas.
By 1830, over 20,000 U.S. settlers; more Anglos than Tejanos (Mexicans).

7. The Texas Revolution
Cultural differences arise:
Anglos speak English, not Spanish.
Southerners bring slaves; Mexico abolished slavery.
Rebellions break out; Texas Revolution begins (1835).

8. Remember the Alamo
In 1836, Santa Anna attacks the Alamo, all Anglos, many Mexican die.
Meanwhile, Texans declare independence, ratify constitution.
Sam Houston, rebel commander, leads attack; captures Mexican General Santa Anna.
Treaty of Velasco grants Texas independence; Houston elected President.

9. Texas Moves Toward the Union
Texas, South want annexation; North fears slavery, war with Mexico.
James Polk elected President in 1844; favors slavery, annexation.

10. The War with Mexico Polk Urges War
U.S. President Polk believes war will bring New Mexico and California to U.S.

11. The War Begins
John C. Fremont leads military party to California, provokes war.
Americans Win the War with Mexico
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848)
Results: Mexico cedes western lands to the U.S. for $15 million.

12. The California Gold Rush
The Forty-Niners
1848, gold discovered at Sutter’s Mill in California.
Forty-Niners, or gold prospectors, come from East, Mexico, overseas.

13. The Golden Economy
Gold finances growth of farming, manufacturing, shipping, banking.
San Francisco becomes supply center, major port.
“Go West, Young Man”- Horace Greeley tells youth to go after gold in California.

14. Ch.3.3 Review Chart Idea/Event Effect Manifest Destiny
Texas Revolution
Mexican War
Gold Rush