2. Islam Re-cap yesterday’s mosque debate What is Islam?
What was the debate about?
What were the two sides of the debate?
What is Islam?

3. The Muslim World Emergence of Islam Teachings of Islam
Achievements in the Muslim World

4. Emergence of Islam: Geography
Arabian Peninsula (Southwestern Asia)
Today this area is known as Saudi Arabia

5. Emergence of Islam: Geography
What do you see?
Sandstorms
Mostly desert
People settle mostly
at or near an oasis

6. EMERGENCE OF ISLAM: Muhammad
Born in 570 B.C.E. in Mecca (site of Hajj today)
At about 40 years old, begins to experience visions
Becomes the prophet of Islam
Message:
“Recite!” “One True God”
Allah

7. Emergence of Islam: hijra
Not everyone listened to Muhammad
Mecca at this time was a commercial center
Merchants live off of people coming to pray to the traditional gods and idols
Why do you think merchants would have a problem with Muhammad’s teachings?
Faced with threats of murder, Muhammad and followers leave Mecca for Yathrib
This journey is known as the hijra

8. Teachings of Islam: monotheism
Arabian Peninsula at this time
Clan-based society
Worship Gods and idols
Monotheism
Very new to area
Threatened society

9. Teachings of Islam: QURAN
The Quran
Sacred word of God (through Muhammad)
In Arabic, it is the direct and un-
changeable word of God
All followers learn Arabic
How do you think this has helped
unite Muslims from different places?
Ethical teachings
Honesty, generosity, social justice
Complete guide to living a good life
Final authority on all matters

10. Teachings of Islam: people of the book
Monotheism was not new to everyone
Judaism and Christianity = the People of the Book
Shared beliefs:
Differences:
One God
Torah and Bible only
Adam and Eve
partial revelation
Abraham
Word of God
God has no son
Muhammad taught tolerance
In general, People of the Book enjoy religious freedom

11. Teachings: Five Pillars of Faith
Five pillars of Islam are the foundation of Muslim faith
Just as video showed, not all Muslims know all 5
1. Shahadah (The Testimony of Faith)
What is a testimony? What does it mean to testify in court?
“la ilaha illa Allah, Muhammadun rasoolu Allah.”
These are the only words you have to say with conviction to become Muslim
There is no God besides Allah
None has the right to be worshipped besides him
God has no partner
God has no son

12. Teachings: Five Pillars of Faith
2. Salah (Prayer)
Pray five times a day
As many as you can – some more, some less
This brings a direct link between the worshipper and Allah.
3. Zakat (Charity)
Give as much as you can
Give of yourself through good deeds

13. Teachings: five pillars of faith
4. Saum (Fasting)
During the month of Ramadan all Muslims fast from sunrise until sunset abstaining from food and drink
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage to Mecca)
Travel to Mecca at one time in your life if you can
Fasting is intended to teach Muslims about patience, humility, and spirituality. It is a time for Muslims to fast for the sake of God. 9th month of the Muslim calendar.

14. What do you see?

15. Achievement Trade Art and Humanities Literature and Writing
Mathematics
Music
Science and Medicine

16. Achievement: Trade Trade was an integral part of the Muslim world
Merchants were honored
Muhammad was a merchant
Trade Spreads products and technology
Manufacturing
Artisans produce wealth of fine goods
Guess what?! Trade = Peace and Prosperity =
Innovation
The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights), and one of the most famous,

17. Achievement: trade Trade expands Camel caravans “ships of the desert”
Travel the Silk Road
The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights), and one of the most famous,

18. Achievement: art Many works of art are rich in history and beauty
Interwoven with beautiful stories
One Thousand Arabian Nights
Late one night I was suddenly awakened by a rustling noise outside my window. Through a space in the blinds, I saw a large rectangular carpet hovering above the willow tree. I opened the window, and the carpet …
What does this remind you of?

19. Achievement: architecture
Mosques
Minarets
Minaret serve as a visual focal point and a place where prayer could be called.

20. Achievement: Science and medicine
Astronomy
Navigation
Pharmacology
Anatomy
Medical Practices

21. Achievement: Literature and writing
Arabic
Importance to faith
Poetry
Calligraphy
Largest library of time-Baghdad
Knowledge

22. Achievement: MATH Arabic Numerals Pioneered the study of algebra
Geometry is vital to Muslim
culture

23. ACHIEVEMENT: MUSIC New instruments Dancing
Important for prayer services
Songs tell tales and religious teachings

24. YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit Achievements in the Muslim World
Pick 1 category you are interested in
Sign up TODAY
Research tomorrow and Friday
DUE Tuesday, November 30th
Tuesday after Thanksgiving Break

25. YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit Requirements:
One artifact from the Muslim world
One paragraph describing the what, where, when, who, how and WHY
WHY question is most important (and is your reflection):
Why was your artifact important in history?
Why is your artifact important in our world today?
Museum Exhibit Day Wednesday, December 1

30. YOUR MISSION! Museum Exhibit Achievements in the Muslim World
Pick 1 category you are interested in
Sign up TODAY
Research tomorrow and Friday
DUE Tuesday, November 30th
Tuesday after Thanksgiving Break

32. Today 5 minute warm-up quiz
Questions and answers about the spread of Islam
Sunni-Shi’a Divide
Reminder: Museum Exhibits DUE TOMORROW
Reminder: Exam and Study Guide THURSDAY

33. 5 Minute warm-up quiz Where was Muhammad born? a. Medina b. Oasis
c. Mecca
d. Yathrib

34. 5 Minute warm-up quiz
Which of the following is NOT a message that Muhammad preached to his followers?
a. Treat each other well.
b. You will be judged by God in the next life.
c. There is only one God.
d. The poor should be ignored.

35. 5 Minute warm-up quiz
All of the following are reasons that Muhammad was seen as a threat to the stability of society in Mecca EXCEPT:
a. His message was embraced by the wealthy.
b. His followers were those with little to lose: the poor, enslaved and women.
c. His belief in one God threatened those who profited from the worship of idols.
d. His teachings encouraged equality for all.

36. Islam: Questions and Answers
What happened after Muhammad?
How did the Islamic empire spread?
What were the impacts of the spread?
What is the basis for the Sunni-Shiite divide?

37. Islam after Muhammad What happened after Muhammad?
Muhammad had united Arab tribes
Many worried that Islam would
disappear without him

38. Islam after Muhammad What happened after Muhammad? Abu Bakr
Early follower of Muhammad
Early convert to Islam
Becomes the first caliph
“If you worship Muhammad, Muhammad is dead. If you worship God, God is alive.”
Reunites Arab tribes based on allegiance to religion
Spread of Islam into the Islamic empire
Caliph = successor to Muhammad; idea that not everyone liked the idea of Abu Bakr becoming caliph.

39. Islam: empire
How did the Islamic empire spread?

40. Islam: empire
How did the Islamic empire spread?
ENTER MAP HERE

41. Islam: empire
How did the Islamic empire spread?
ENTER MAP HERE

42. Islam: empire How did the Islamic empire spread?
Spread happens very quickly…but WHY?
Some welcomed as liberators
Generally, non-Muslims allowed to practice own faith
Taxation on non-Muslims
Fighting methods
Common faith
Message of faith is attractive
Five Pillars
Language
Promise of paradise for falling in battle or jihad
Liberators from Byzantine and Persians; Fighting methods – use cavalry and camels; Jihad – any battle in defense of Islam – mistake to translate it as holy war – effort in the service of God.

43. Impacts of the Islamic empire
What were the impacts of the spread?
Political
Sharia Law
Division into Sunni, Shiite, Sufi
Social
Women – confirmed their spiritual equality
Veiling and seclusion – based on
Persian and Byzantine traditions
of upper-class women
Hijab and Niqab
Sharia – law developed by Muslim scholars interpreting the Quran and applying teachings to daily life.
Women – before this, were not seen as equal, could not inherit property, greater protection under law – right to marry, right to inheritance, prohibited killing of daughters. Still difficult.

44. Impacts of the Islamic empire
What were the impacts of the spread?
Economic
Trade
Baghdad’s splendor
Abbasid Golden Age
Religion
Adopted by many when Christianity is becoming very powerful
Jerusalem and Constantinople
Sharia – law developed by Muslim scholars interpreting the Quran and applying teachings to daily life.
Women – before this, were not seen as equal, could not inherit property, greater protection under law – right to marry, right to inheritance, prohibited killing of daughters. Still difficult.

45. Islam: The Sunni-Shiite Divide
What is the basis for the Sunni-Shiite divide?
Muhammad dies without leaving a successor
Sunni beliefs:
Caliph should be chosen by Muslim leaders
Caliph is not a religious authority
Shi’a/Shiite beliefs:
Only true successors are descendents of Muhammad’s daughter and son-in-law Fatima and Ali
Divine inspiration of descendants

46. Islam: The Sunni-Shiite Divide
What does the divide mean today?
80%-90% of Muslims are Sunni
Issues of minority and majority in the Middle East
Violence
Political unrest
Example: Iraq

47. ISLAM: THE SUNNI-SHIITE DIVIDE
Is peace possible for these groups? What are their similarities and differences?