1. Population and Migration Review
AP Human Geography
AP Exam Review Unit

2. For today, 05/01 Pick up a Population and Migration Review Packet
AP Exam is in 12 days! It’s time to make your time worth it – study away!

3. VIP Terms
CBR
CDR
IMR
TFR
NIR
Dependency Ratio
Demography

4. NIR
CBR – CDR
CBR = 20
CDR = 5
NIR = 15 per 1000
= 1.5%

5. DTM

6. DTM Stages 4

8. Thomas Malthus English economist
Time
Population Growth
Food
Growth
Today
1 person
1 unit
T + 25
2 persons
2 units
T + 50
4 persons
3 units
T + 75
8 persons
4 units
T + 100
16 persons
5 units
English economist
Essay on the Principle of Population, 1798
Population
Exponential growth
Food supply
Arithmetic growth

9. Thomas Malthus: Actions
Encouraged “checks” on population growth
War
Moral restraint
Disease
Famine

10. Malthus on population:
“Instead of recommending cleanliness to the poor, we should encourage contrary habits. In our towns we should make the streets narrower, crowd more people into the houses, and court the return of the plague. In the country we should build our villages near stagnant pools, and particularly encourage settlements in all marshy and unwholesome situations. But above all, we should reprobate specific remedies for ravaging diseases: and those benevolent, but much mistaken men, who have thought they were doing a service to mankind by projecting schemes for the total extirpation of particular disorders. If by these and similar means the annual mortality were increased ... we might probably every one of us marry at the age of puberty and yet few be absolutely starved.”

11. How was Malthus right? Population has been rising quickly
Limited use of contraceptives (DTM stages 2 and early 3)
Population has outgrown food
Farm land to urban land, environmental degradation
Other limiting factors on population in addition to food
Resource overuse can lead to exceeding carrying capacity
Neo-Malthusians
Supporters of Malthusian theory today

12. Population hasn’t grown geometrically
How was Malthus wrong?
Population hasn’t grown geometrically
Expanded use of contraceptives
Demographic Transition Model stages 4 and 5
Food supply grew faster than predicted
New technologies (mechanization, chemicals, etc.)
Green Revolution (genetically modified, improved seeds)
Food preservation and distribution
Highways, refrigeration, containerization

13. Malthus’s Critics Unrealistic because resources aren’t fixed
Larger populations promote economic growth
Europe better off with 100s millions or 100s thousands?
Friedrich Engels: can eliminate global hunger if resources shared equally

14. World Population Density

15. Population Clusters 4 Major Clusters 2 Secondary Clusters East Asia
China, Japan, S. Korea, Taiwan
South Asia
India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
Southeast Asia
Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia
Europe
West = UK, France, Belgium, Germany
2 Secondary Clusters
North America Atlantic Coast
Toronto, NY, Boston, D.C., Baltimore
West Africa
Nigeria, Niger, Cameroon, Benin

16. Migration Immigration vs. Emigration Push vs. Pull Factors
Migrant vs. Refugee
Ravenstein’s Laws of Migration
1880s, out of Britain
Most migrants = young, unmarried, males
Most move to places that are close, to cities

17. Ellis Island National Monument
U.S. Immigration * Prior to 1840, 90% of U.S. immigration was from Britain *
Two Big Waves:
: W. and N. Europe transitioning to S. and E. Europe by 1910
Irish (potato famine in 1840s) and Germans
During 1900s: Italians, Russians, Austria-Hungary (Czech, Poland, Romania, etc.)
Today: Asians and Latin Americans; declining Europeans
Asians: China, India; 1980s -1990s: Philippines, Vietnam, and South Korea
Latin America: Mexico, Dom. Rep., El Salvador, Cuba, Haiti
Ellis Island National Monument

18. US Migration