1. Primary Source Analysis
Portuguese population , in thousands, (2005 Data from FAO) with emigration giving way to retornados,[2][3]ranging from 500,000 to 1 million after the revolution.

2. Decolonization and its impact
Mr. Cruz, AC Flora High School

3. Means to Independence: Armed
Colonies seek independence by force
International support is needed for weapons
Usually lasted longer than negotiated independence
Long lasting issues

4. Means to Independence: Armed
Angola
1960’s: Soviet influenced Guerillas fight Portugal
1974: Portuguese gov’t is overthrown by Portuguese citizens
1975: New government grants independence to Portuguese imperial possessions

5. Result: Redistribution of Resources
Retornados:
300,000 Portuguese leave for Portugal after Independence
Gov’t desires to redistribute abandoned resources, but struggles to figure out:
Who? What? When? Where? How?
Leads to conflict
Angolan Civil War
Communist supported MPLA, eventual winner
USSR and Cuba send resources and troops
Aids the “Spread of Communism”

8. Result: Transnational Movements
Communism
Pan-Arabism
Pan-Africanism
“African peoples both on the continent and in the Diaspora, share not merely a common history, but a common destiny”

9. Pan-Africanism Organization of African Unity / African Union
Achieve greater unity and solidarity between African countries and the peoples of Africa
Defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of its Member States

10. Result: Population Resettlement

11. Result: Population Resettlement (cont’d)

12. Result: Population Resettlement
Redrawing of Colonial boundaries
Imposed boundaries
Ex: India/Pakistan
Religious-based Partition
Hindus persecuted in Pakistan
(20%-1945, 1%-2003)
Muslims persecuted in India
Forced migration

13. Result: Colonial Subject Migration
Imperial powers view lax migration laws as a form of apology to former colonies
Algeria to France (After 1962) – Evian Accord
Seeking a “Better Life”
Maintain family ties
Fear of internal conflicts in Algeria
French Reaction is negative, but committed to Post- Colonial “Obligations”

14. Result: Colonial Subject Migration
DO NOT WRITE THIS!
Zinedine Zidane
French National Soccer Team Member
Parents were from Aguemoune Ath Slimane, Algeria
2006 World Cup Final

15. Regional, Religious, and Ethnic Movements
Nigeria
Biafra

16. Contemporary Map of Nigeria (1)

17. Four Region Map (2)

18. Ethnic Diversity (3)

19. Religious Diversity (4)

20. OIL REVENUE IN NIGERIA (5)
The Nigerian central government gains (and gained) a lot of its revenue from oil companies which pay a charge for the petroleum they ship out of Nigeria.  This table shows the percentage of total government  revenue which comes from these charges on oil.
                            Year                    Percentage                                                  .08                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            *                97.24
    *Last year of information on the source. 
[Adapted from data in Eghosa E. Osaghae, Crippled Giant  Nigeria Since Independence (Bloomington:  Indiana University Press, 1998), p. 20.]

21. Ethnolinguistic Diversity (6)
Living Languages
Number of Speakers
Country
Count
Percent
Indigenous
Immigrant
Total
Mean
Median
Nigeria  
529
7.45
522 7
104,138,885
216,056
13,000
USA
420
5.91
214
206
278,640,074
787,119
440

22. The Failed State of Biafra

23. Prompt (answer on your own)
How did regional, religious, and ethnic differences challenge the inherited imperial boundaries in Nigeria?