1. In 1798 he published An Essay on the Principle of Population
Malthus was the first to sound the alarm that the world’s population was expanding more rapidly than food production.
Today those who share his concerns are Neo-Malthusians
Rev. Thomas Malthus

4. What Is Migration? Movement
Cyclic movement: Movement away from home for a short period
Commuting
Nomadism
Periodic movement: Movement away from home for a longer period.
Migrant labor- guest workers (can become brain drain)
Transhumance – regular seasonal movement
Military service
Migration: A change in residence intended to be permanent

5. International migration:
Movement across country borders (implying a degree of permanence)

6. Internal migration:
Movement within a single country’s borders (implying a degree of permanence)

9. Why Do People Migrate?
Forced migration: Movers have no choice but to relocate

10. Kinds of Voluntary Migration
Step migration: When a migrant follows a series of stages, or steps, toward a final destination.
Chain migration: Further migration to a place where friends or relatives have already settled

11. Voluntary Migration Migrants weigh push and pull factors to decide
Whether to move
Where to go
Distance decay: Many migrants settle closer to their old home than they originally contemplate

12. Ravenstein’s Laws
Every migration flow generates a return or countermigration.
The majority of migrations move a short distance.
Migrants who move longer distances tend to choose big-city destinations.
Urban residents are less migratory than inhabitants of rural areas.
Families are less likely to make international moves than young adults.

13. Gravity Model:

14. Where Do People Migrate?
Influences on major global migration flows from 1550–1950
Exploration
Colonization
The Atlantic slave trade
Impacts
Places migrants leave
Places to which migrants go

15. Regional Migration Flows
Migration to neighboring countries
∙ For short term economic opportunities
∙ To reconnect with cultural groups across borders
∙ To flee political conflict or war
Islands of development: Places where
foreign investment, jobs, and infrastructure are concentrated

16. Migration to Reconnect with Cultural Groups
Migration of about 700,000 Jews to then-Palestine between 1900 and 1948
Forced migration of 600,000 Palestinian Arabs after 1948, when the land was divided into two states (Israel and Palestine)

17. Internal Migration Flows
Animated Map of US Population

18. Global Migration Patterns
Fig. 3-2: The major flows of migration are from less developed to more developed countries.

19. Net Migration (per population)
Fig. 3-3: Net migration per 1000 population. The U.S. has the largest number of immigrants, but other developed countries also have relatively large numbers.

20. Migration to U.S., by Region of Origin
Fig. 3-4: Most migrants to the U.S were from Europe until the 1960s. Since then, Latin America and Asia have become the main sources of immigrants.

21. Migration from Asia to the U.S.
Fig. 3-5: The largest numbers of migrants from Asia come from India, China, the Philippines, and Vietnam.

22. Migration from Latin America to the U.S.
Fig. 3-6: Mexico has been the largest source of immigrants to the U.S., but immigrants have also come from numerous other Latin American nations.

23. U.S. States as Immigrant Destinations
Fig. 3-8: California is the destination of about 25% of all US immigrants; another 25% go to New York and New Jersey. Other important destinations include Florida, Texas, and Illinois.
What are the “US gateway” states? Story of a migrant are the “US gateway” states? Story of a migrant

24. Guest Workers
Migrants allowed into a country to fill a labor need, assuming the workers will go “home” once the labor need subsides
∙ Have short term work visas
∙ Send remittances (money) to home country

25. Guest Workers in Europe
Fig. 3-9: Guest workers emigrate mainly from Eastern Europe and North Africa to work in the wealthier countries of Western Europe.

26. Global Remittances

27. Refugees
People who flee across an international boundary because of a well-founded fear of being persecuted (Forced migration)