1. The Political Foundation: Evolution and Revolution
“Those who give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.”---Benjamin Franklin

2. The Roots of American Independence
The English Civil War & the Glorious Revolution
Enlightenment ideals & the Great Awakening
Colonial expansion: population, migration, the consumer revolution, & colonial government
The French & Indian (Seven Years) War
& Pontiac’s War

3. Mid-18th c. Colonial Trade

5. Allies & Enemies:
the French
the Indians
the British
the Americans

6. The British Imperial Crisis: The End of “salutary neglect”

7. The American-British Conflict
The essential issue of sovereignty
New taxes for government revenues
Indian trade to Quebec & protection of Catholics
New restrictive trade regulations
Increased customs duties

8. Admiralty courts, navy inspections & writs
of assistance (search warrants)
British army in colonial cities
Prohibition of colonial paper money
Favoritism in the tea trade
Parliamentary supremacy
Suppression of Massachusetts &
American trade

9. The American Response The Stamp Act & the Sons of Liberty
Forms of protest & opposition
The Continental Congress
Common Sense
The Declaration of Independence

10. The American Revolution, 1775-1782

11. “We have it in our power to begin the world over again
“We have it in our power to begin the world over again.”---Thomas Paine
The creation of a new country’s government
State constitutions
Republicanism
Natural rights
Limited government

12. The Articles of Confederation

13. Western Land Claims by the States

14. Essential Achievements of the Revolutionary Generation
Won the war for independence
Created: st nation-sized republic
2. 1st completely secular state
3. political parties as institutions to channel
debate and political conflict
Reconciled:
1. localism and nationalism in a federal
system (state & national governments)
2. sovereignty of the individual (Dec. of
Independence) & sovereignty of the
collective, “the people” (U.S. Const.)

15. Summary 1. 2. 3. 4.