1. Basics of Genetics

2. Introduction Why are your eyes the color they are?
Why is your hair the color that they are?
Do any of these traits have something in common with your parents?

3. Introduction
Things like hair color are passed from parents to their offspring
The parents give offspring DNA that expresses proteins in their body
By giving their offspring segments of their DNA, parents give certain genes to their children
Heredity is the passing of traits from one generation to the next

4. Introduction
Genetics is the field of biology dedicated to studying how information is passed from parent to offspring
Genetics is one of the hottest fields in science right now

5. Gregor Mendel
In 1851 a monk named Gregor Mendel entered the University of Vienna to study science
After learning about math and science he returned to his monastery and resumed his job as a high school teacher and gardener

6. Gregor Mendel
While he was working in his garden, Mendel started to notice that there were patterns in some of the plants that he was planting
He thought that there might be a scientific reason for the patterns that he was observing

7. Gregor Mendel
Mendel decided to start studying the patterns in his pea plants
He decided to study certain traits in pea plants
Traits are distinguishing feature of an organism
Remember, Mendel had no knowledge of DNA

8. Mendel’s Experiments
Mendel’s experiments changed modern biology as we know it
Since they did it is important to understand what he did and what results he obtained
… even if they were fraudulent

9. Mendel’s Experiments
Mendel started by stopping the pea plants ability to self fertilize
Then he opened individual flowers and cross fertilized them with other individual flowers
Once he did he documented the resulting crosses and what offspring came from them

10. Mendel’s Experiments
Mendel studied seven different types of characteristics
Flower Color
Flower Position
Seed Color
Seed Shape
Pod Shape
Pod Color
Stem Length
He called the first generation of each of these plants the “P” of parental generation

11. Mendel’s Experiments
He called the next generation of plants the “F1” generation of plants
P  F1
The generation after F1 was called the F2 generation
P  F1  F2
What do you think the next generation was called?

12. Mendel’s Experiment
What happened when Mendel crossed his true breeding P generation?
The F1 generation showed traits of only one of the P generation it was crossed with
When purple flowers were crossed with white flowers, only purple flowers were observed

13. Dominance This was because some of the traits are dominant over others
This means that when a trait is expressed over a second trait, it is considered dominant
When one trait is not expressed over another it is considered recessive

14. Dominance
The term given to a possible trait based on genetics is allele
Each trait has the same number of alleles from the mother and the father
This means alleles can be dominant or recessive

15. Dominance Round Green A round seed is crossed with a wrinkled seed
The F1 generation is round
Which allele is dominant?
A green pod is crossed with a yellow pod
The F1 generation has green pods
Round
Green

16. Video