1. Research

2. Make a timeline of key events and developments in early reconstruction from 1865 to 1867.
Students examine the build up to the Emancipation, proclamation, discussing the issue of Lincoln’s motivation and the context of the war.
Four groups could investigate and feedback on how the Proclamation affected:
• the Northern army
• the Confederate war effort
• slaves in the confederacy
• Blacks and abolitionists in the North.
Consider contemporary sources, including criticism of Lincoln from Garrison and Greely and Lincoln’s response to these criticisms.
PRIMARY SOURCE (LESSON 2?)

3. January 1865 Thirteenth Amendment approved
Make a timeline of key events and developments in early reconstruction from 1865 to 1867.
January 1865 Thirteenth Amendment approved
March 1865: Freedman’s Bureau
April 9th Lee surrenders to Grant
April 15th Abraham Lincoln is assassinated
Johnson presents plans for Reconstruction
Benjamin Butler – radical Republican elected in Congress
Mississippi enacts Black Codes
Committee for 15th Amendment constructed
KKK created in Tennessee
Civil Rights Act passed (Johnson’s earlier veto)
Fourteenth Amendment approved by Congress
Memphis race riot
Freedman’s Bureau powers expanded (veto by Johnson but Congress override)
New Orleans race riots
First Reconstruction Act passed over Johnson’s veto
Second over Johnson’s veto
Third over Johnson’s veto
Republican convention = equality for African Americans
Piktochart it???

4. Students examine the build up to the Emancipation, proclamation, discussing the issue of Lincoln’s motivation and the context of the war.
Issued on 22nd September 1862 after the Battle of Antietam
‘fit and necessary war measure’
Slavery left untouched in states that returned to the Union before January 1st 1863
All slavery in enemy territory after that date and conquered by Union armies would be forever free
This was going to be massive ( million slaves gained their freedom in the Western hemisphere, 4 million lived in the southern United States). American emancipation dwarfs that of other countries (except Russia).
Outset of the War:
- Lincoln uses Northern values to mobilise public support (message to Congress; Union cause with the fate of democracy for the “whole family of man”. About free labour. (Quote).
BUT says slavery is irrelevant to the conflict
Lincoln’s key concerns were keep border slave states (Delaware Maryland Kentucky and Missouri)
Action against slavery would drive border states (2.6 million and 500,000 slaves)

5. Outset of the War:
- Lincoln uses Northern values to mobilise public support (message to Congress; Union cause with the fate of democracy for the “whole family of man”. About free labour. (Quote).
BUT says slavery is irrelevant to the conflict
Lincoln’s key concerns were keep border slave states (Delaware Maryland Kentucky and Missouri)
Action against slavery would drive border states (2.6 million and 500,000 slaves)
Congress: resolution (Criteenden) which affirmed no intention to interfer with slavery
Northern military commanders return fugitive slaves (outcry)
Blacks began to escape into Union lines, policy of ignoring unravelled
Blacks set to work as military labourers
End of 1861: plan by Benjamin Butler (contraband of war) = property of military value
Escaping slaves became known as the ‘contrabands’ in contraband houses and contraband schools
Slaves themselves: calling it a ‘freedom war’ from for outset
1861-2, as Union occupy Confederate lines, slaves headed for Union lines
Include women and children and entire families
Also telling Union soldiers about movement and terrain
Lousiana 1862 Union arrival, slaves refused to work unless paid ‘is forever destroye and worthless, no matter what Mr. Lincoln or anyone else may say on the subject’

6. Steps towards emancipation:
Black determination = burden to army
Failure to produce victory strengthened hand of anti-slavery northeners
Heart of economy = emancipation is necessary to weaken the Souths ability to sustain war
Abolitionists and Radical Republicans – institution must be a target
Thaddeus Stephens (Radical Republican Pennsylvannia) present policy will subdue to rebels
Gained support in Congress, frustrated by a lack of military success
March 1862: prohibit army from returning fugitive slaves
Abolition in District of Columbia + territories
Second Confiscation Act liberated slaves of disloyal owners
Lincoln struggled to retain contron of the Emancipation issue
1861 John Fremont: decreed freedom of slaves in Missouri – Lincoln rescinded it
Instead program of gradual empancipation with compensation for owners and idea of emigration from the U.S.A – Haiti
Summer 1862: Emancipation is a political and economic necessity
Why? Lack of military success; need for manpower; northern opinion; Britain
Advice of Seward he delays announcement until after Union victory (desperation)
September 22nd 1862: 5 days after Antietam = Preliminary Emancipation Proclaimation
(Unless South laid down its army by end of 1862, he would decree abolition)

7. Steps towards emancipation:
Summer 1862: Emancipation is a political and economic necessity
Why? Lack of military success; need for manpower; northern opinion; Britain
Advice of Seward he delays announcement until after Union victory (desperation)
September 22nd 1862: 5 days after Antietam = Preliminary Emancipation Proclaimation
(Unless South laid down its army by end of 1862, he would decree abolition)
North: not encouraging (fall elections 1862: Democrats made opposition centre) ‘Africanised’
Republican suffer sharp reverses: lost control of legislature of Indiana and Illinois and governorship of NY
Lincoln tries to calm fears – emphasis on gradual and emigration
1st January 1863: signed emancipation proclaimation
Did NOT liberate slaves – applied to very few on the day it was signed
Legality from President authority as military commander in chief
Exempt areas under Union control; loyal border states; confederate areas occupied by Union solders e.g. Tennessee and Virginia
BUT 3 million ‘SHALL BE FREE’ – but need to wait for Union victory
NOT gradual; shift in war American history and lincolns own thinking

8. • the Northern army
Blacks enlisted to the black army
Could always fight in the navy but not the land army
Runaway slaves as cooks etc.
End of the war 180,000 black men had served, 24,000 in the navy
1/3 died in battle or wounds or disease
15 soldiers and 8 sailors received Congressional medal of honour
Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteers: 1863 Fort Wagner dispel doubts abut black ability to withstand the pressure (1989 film Glory)
Union navy treat the same (dine together, paid the same, promotion opportunities)
Army however, segregated units, lower pay ($10 vs. $16)
• the Confederate war effort
Short term it helped to stiffen Confederate resistance
Long term it weakened the Confederacy
Little chance of winning Britain’s support
Encouraged slaves to flee to Union lines = impact of man shortage (quote)
• slaves in the confederacy
• Blacks and abolitionists in the North
Set of scenes of jubilation

9. Lesson 1

10. A poor man walks into a bar and starts talking with a really rich man.
The poor man says “You know, I know every song in the world. I bet all your fortune and possessions that I can find a song with any name you want”.
The rich man, laughing, accepts and says that he bets him to find a song with his daughter’s complete name in it. Her name is Julie-Monique-Alexandrina.
A few minutes later, the poor man exits the bar, with the rich man’s wallet, car(s) key(s), clothes, etc. He won his bet.
How?

11. By the end of this lesson, everybody will be able to
OUTLINE the chronology leading up until the Emancipation Proclamation
EXPLAIN Lincoln’s motivation for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation
JUDGE AND JUSTIFY: ‘How far did the context of the war influence Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?’

12. A B C 30 20 10 Use p.184 (paragraphs 1 and 2) to make notes
You are Abraham Lincoln and the American Civil War has just begun. What is your stance on emancipation going into the war? A
My priority is to maintain Northern unity. Therefore, I have no intention on interfering with Slavery
Use p.184 (paragraphs 1 and 2) to make notes B
My priority is to end slavery. I will pursue emancipation from the offset of the war. C
I want this war to end quickly. I will just support slavery. 30 20 10

13. A B C 20 30 10 Free the slaves Follow the Fugitive Slave Law
You are the federal government. Refugee slaves are arriving at camps in occupied areas in the South. The Fugitive Slave laws says they should be returned to their owner. What do you do?
Use p.184 (contraband section) to make notes A
Follow the Fugitive Slave Law B
Confiscate slaves as contraband of war C
Free the slaves 20 30 10

14. A B C 20 10 30 Make your views on the abolition of slavery heard
You are a Radical Republican There is little likelihood that Confederate states will be enticed back into the Union. What do you do?
Use pp (Radical Republican section) to make notes A
Beg the Confederate States to re-join the Union B
Nothing C
Make your views on the abolition of slavery heard 20 10 30

15. A B C 30 20 10 Let him free the slaves in Missouri but no where else
You are Abraham Lincoln (again). General Fremont has issued a proclamation freeing the slaves of Confederate supporters in Missouri. What do you do?
Use pp.185 (Lincoln’s view in 1861) to make notes A
Orders that Fremont rescinds his order B
Use this as an opportunity to abolish slavery in other areas C
Let him free the slaves in Missouri but no where else 30 20 10

16. A B C 10 30 10 Nothing Take action against slavery
You are Congress. It is What do you do in relation to slavery?
Use pp.186 (Congressional measures in 1862) to make notes A
Nothing B
Take action against slavery C
Have a revelation and suggest that slavery should be compulsory in all states 10 30 10

17. A B C 30 20 10 Nothing. It is still not my priority
You are Lincoln (again). It is What do you do in relation to the emancipation of slavery?
Use pp (Lincoln’s views, spring/summer 1862) to make notes A
Take a bold step in the direction of emancipating slavery B
Take small steps in the direction of emancipating slavery C
Nothing. It is still not my priority 30 20 10

18. A B C 20 10 30 Issue the Emancipation Proclamation Have a party!
You are Lincoln (again). It is 22nd September The Union has just won at Antietam. What do you do?
Use pp.187 (The Emancipation Proclamation) to make notes A
Have a party! B
Follow Seward's advice and wait until after the victory in the war C
Issue the Emancipation Proclamation 20 10 30

19. What was motivating Lincoln
Get them to brainstorm reasons (minimum of 3) then write them down in order of importance with justification.

20. Not very
Very
How far did the context of the war influence Lincoln’s decision to issue the Emancipation Proclamation?

21. Lesson 2
NOT FINISHED

22. What was motivating Lincoln
Impact of the proclaimation
Discuss: did the Emancipation Proclamation change the course of the Civil War?
Consider contemporary sources, including criticism of Lincoln from Garrison and Greely and Lincoln’s response to these criticisms
What was motivating Lincoln

23. How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect…
• the Northern army
• the Confederate war effort
• slaves in the confederacy
• Blacks and abolitionists in the North.