1. Mr. Condry’s Social Studies Class
American Civil War
Mr. Condry’s Social Studies Class

2. A Divided Nation Northern States: Population was about 18 million
Most countries recognized the Union as the government
Contained 90 Percent of American industry and railroads

3. A Nation Divided Southern States:
Population 9 million people, including three million slaves.
Contained 10 percent of American industry and railroads
Britain and France had friendly relations with the Confederacy and considered aiding the South

4. Abraham Lincoln 16th President of the United States of America.
Opposed expansion of slavery.
Led the Union during the Civil War.
John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln

5. Jefferson Davis President of the Confederate States of America
Was an officer in the United States Army during the Mexican American war.
Served as the United States Secretary of War.
When the South surrendered, he was charged with treason and prohibited from running for public office ever again.

6. The Generals
Ulysses S. Grant William T. Sherman George Meade George B. McClellan
Robert E. Lee
Thomas Jackson
James Longstreet
James E.B. Stuart

7. Anaconda Plan
Union General Winfield Scott suggested the plan to halt Southern trade.
The Plan would impose a blockade
The Union would take control of the Mississippi River.
The army would divide and isolate sections of the South and capture its vitals cities and the capital in Richmond Virginia

8. Anaconda Plan
Under General Ulysses S. Grant, the North’s strategy kept pressure on General Robert E. Lee’s army and constantly weakened the numbers.
The Larger Population of the North made this possible.

9. King Cotton
The Confederacy adopted a defensive strategy and attempted to secure alliances with more powerful counties such as Britain and France.
To get support from other countries the South needed to show it could win the war.
The confederate army attacked Union territory to draw Union troops away from the South and to impress potential allies
As the war continued , the Southern strategy became one of evading the Union army, prolonging the war, and inflicting casualties to demoralize the North.

10. Weapons of the Civil War
canister shot
artillery projectile
rifled barrel
officer’s sword
Springfield rifle, (Union)
Although the Union used many types of rifles, this was the most common.
British Enfield rifle, (Confederacy)
Although the Confederacy used many types of rifles, this was the most common.
minié ball

11. Uniforms
At the beginning of the Civil War, states provided uniforms to soldiers; and the uniforms were in a variety of colors. This led to massive confusion on the battlefield, and often soldiers fired on their own men. As the war continued, both sides chose a single color for their uniforms. The United States of America chose blue, and the Confederates States of America chose gray.

12. Major Battles of the Civil War

13. Fort Sumter April 12, 1861 First shots of the Civil War
South Carolina
Fort Sumter April 12, 1861
First shots of the Civil War
Major Robert Anderson of the United States Army and his men came under attack from Confederates
The Union fought back but were ineffective
Union forces surrendered a day later

14. Fort Sumter Union Confederate Strength Casualties Strength Casualties
85 Soldiers
Casualties
Strength
500
Casualties

15. First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861
Virginia
First Bull Run/Manassas July 21, 1861
General Irvin McDowell led the Union army toward Richmond Virginia.
General P.G.T. Beauregard’s Confederate troops intercepted them
The battle lasted five hours.
Confederate troops began to retreat due to losses, except General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson who continued to fight.
The reenergized Confederates pushed McDowell’s forces out of the area

16. First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas
Union
Confederate
Strength
35,732
18,000 Engaged
Casualties
481 Killed
1,011 Wounded
1,216 Missing
Strength
34,000
18,000 Engaged
Casualties
387 Killed
1,582 Wounded
13 Missing

17. Tennessee
Shiloh April 6-7, 1862
Union troops had found Confederate General Albert Johnston’s forces near Corinth Road unprepared
After suffering many losses the Confederate forces had to retreat
On the second day the Union forces gained ground but due to the exceptional defense of the Confederacy, stopped the Union Forces before the Confederates retreated.

18. Battle of Shiloh Union Confederacy Strength Casualties Strength
63,000
Army of the Tennessee
44,895
Army of the Ohio
18,000
Casualties
1,754 Killed
8,408 Wounded
2, 885 Captured/missing
Strength
40,335
Casualties
1,728 Killed
8,012 Wounded
959 Captured/missing

19. The War at Sea
The Battle of the Ironclads also known as the Battle of the Monitor and the Merrimack.
Battle was fought off Sewell’s Point near Hampton Roads, Virginia.
First battle between two ironclad ships, the Union’s USS Monitor and the Confederacy’s CSS Virginia, which was rebuilt from the USS Merrimack
Battle lasted over two days, and in the end it was a draw.
Ironclad, stem-driven ships were at a decisive advantage against wooden sailing vessels.

20. USS Monitor CSS Virginia

21. Antietam September 17, 1862 Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg
Maryland
Antietam September 17, 1862
Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg
Union General George McClellan and Confederate General Robert E. Lee
Union forces brutalized the Confederacy
Both armies fought to a standstill, and both armies withdrew
Bloodiest battle of the war

22. Battle of Antietam Union Confederate Strength Casualties Strength
87,164
Casualties
2, 108 Killed
9,549 Wounded
753 Captured/Missing
Strength
38,000
Casualties
1,567 Killed
7,752 Wounded
1,018 Captured/Missing

23. Fredericksburg December 13, 1862
Virginia
Fredericksburg December 13, 1862
Union General Ambrose Burnside led a march on Richmond, but was delayed 2 weeks because of late arriving supplies.
General Lee positioned his army, deploying snipers to pick off Federal troops.
Confederate artillery decimated Union forces.
Many Union soldiers were left in the open after crossing military pontoon bridges.
Burnside had no choice but to retreat.

24. Battle of Fredericksburg
Union
Confederate
Strength
122,009 Present
114,000 Engaged
Casualties
1,284 Killed
9,600 Wounded
1,769 Captured/missing
Strength
78,513 Present
72,500 Engaged
Casualties
408 Killed
3,743 Wounded
Unknown number captured/killed

25. The Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863
Created by President Abraham Lincoln
A two-part plan that guaranteed freedom to slaves in the Union and some Confederate states.
Confederate government did not abide by the laws
First plan, enacted on September 22, 1862, freed slaves in Confederate states that had not rejoined the Union.
Second part took effect on January 1, 1863, applying to specific states, but not to the boarder states such as Maryland and West Virginia.

26. Mississippi
Vicksburg May 2 – July 9, 1863
Both the North and South considered Vicksburg an important stronghold.
Union General Ulysses S. Grant launched a massive attack.
Union forces terrorized the inhabitants
Confederate General John Pemberton surrendered to Grant July 3, 1863

27. Battle of Vicksburg Union Confederate Strength Casualties Strength
77,000
Casualties
766 Killed
3,793 wounded
276 captured/missing
Strength
33,000
Casualties
3,202 Killed/wounded/missing
29,495 Surrendered

28. Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863 Began directly after the Battle of Vicksburg
Pennsylvania
Gettysburg July 1-3, 1863
Began directly after the Battle of Vicksburg
Confederate General Lee forced Federal troops, under General George C. Meade’s command, to lose ground.
Lee planned several attacks at Peach Orchard and Devil’s Den, but Union forces were victorious.
Lee retreated toward Williamsport

29. Battle of Gettysburg Union Confederate Strength Casualties Strength
104,256
Casualties
3,155 Killed
14,529 Wounded
5,365 captured/missing
Strength
75,000
Casualties
28,000 killed/wounded

30. The Gettysburg Address November 18, 1863
Delivered by Abraham Lincoln
Dedication of Soldier’s National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
The Speech contains only two hundred seventy-two words, but it is considered one of the greatest speeches in American history.

31. Virginia
Wilderness May 5-7, 1864
Union General Grant continued his march to Richmond.
Wanted to attack the city with three armies
Wanted to cut General Lee’s food and artillery supply lines to block Southern retreat.
Confederate General Richard Ewell’s soldiers attacked the Union forces.
Due to dry land, forest fires were caused.
Confederate forces were able to inflict casualties but it did not stop Grant

32. Battle of the Wilderness
Union
Confederate
Strength
124,232
Casualties
2,246 Killed
12,037 Wounded
3,383 Captured/missing
Strength
60,000 – 65,000
Casualties
1,477 Killed
7,866 Wounded
1,690 captured/missing

33. Virginia
Cold Harbor May 31 – June 12, 1864
Union General Philip Sheridan led a successful attack against Confederate troops.
Confederacy called reinforcements
Sheridan called in Reinforcements from General Grant.
Grant would not back down and continued to attack Confederate lines suffering almost five thousand losses.

34. Battle of Cold Harbor Union Confederate Strength Casualties Strength
108,000 to 117,000
Casualties
1,845 Killed
9,077 Wounded
1,816 captured/missing
Strength
59,000 to 62,000
Casualties
788 Killed
3,376 Wounded
1,123 captured/missing

35. Sherman’s March to the Sea November 15 – December 20, 1864
Union General William T. Sherman already captured Atlanta, Georgia
He wanted to march his soldiers to the Atlantic Ocean.
Sherman burned down cities, towns, and devastated both the military and civilians in his path.

36. Sherman’s March to Sea Union Confederate Strength Casualties Strength
Unknown
Strength
12,466
Casualties
Unknown

37. March to the Sea
As his soldiers moved through the South, they destroyed train tracks heating the metal and bending them into a bow around trees. This became known as “Sherman’s Neckties.”

38. Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865
Virginia
Surrender at Appomattox April 9, 1865
General Lee Surrendered at Appomattox Court House in Virginia.
In a sign of respect, Grant allowed Lee to keep his saber and horse.

39. Continuing the Fight
General Joseph Johnston was the last Confederate general to surrender April 26, 1865.
He still believed the South could win the war.
Johnston’s troops eventually fell to federal troops.

40. Assassination of Lincoln April 14, 1865
President Lincoln was assassinated on April 14, 1865
While he was attending a play at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C., with his wife and two other people.
He was watching a play Our American Cousin when John Wilkes Booth shot him in the back of the head.
Booth Jumped off the balcony and broke his ankle, but managed to escape.
Lincoln died the next morning.

41. Trial and Execution of the Conspirators
Conspirators in the assassination were:
Mary Surratt Lewis Powell David Herold
George Atzerdot Michael O’Laughlen Samuel Mudd

42. Trial and Execution of the Conspirators
They were tried in a military tribunal
All eight were found guilty.
Surratt, Powell, Herold, and Atzerdot were sentenced to death by hanging.
O’Laughlen died in prison.
President Andrew Johnson pardoned Arnold, Spangler, and Mudd

43. Legacy of the War Bloodiest war in American history
Referred to as the “War Between the States,” “The Brother’s War,” and the “War of Northern Aggression.”
Estimated 638,000 Americans lost their lives, and countless others were wounded
Led to the passing of the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fiftieth Amendments.
Civil War abolished slavery and established the supremacy of the Federal Government.

44. Death Count for the Civil War

45. 54th Massachusetts Volunteers
The 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry Regiment was the first official black unit in the U.S. armed forces.
Their courageous assault on Fort Wagner played a key role in bringing about an end to slavery.

46. Copperheads
Northern Democrats “Peace Democrats” were criticized by Northern Republicans for being friends of the Confederacy as well as slavery.
North Democrats became known as Copperheads.