1. What is DNA and why is it important in passing on genes and traits?
NEW Behavior Log is filled out for 11/30/16
Copied Objective, HW into assignment list
Family Tree Homework is OUT
Warm-Up:
What is DNA and why is it important in passing on genes and traits?
Come up with one word to describe your break!
OR work on homework!

3. Take all projects home by Friday
Checks/Collection
Take all projects home by Friday
Posters, cell models
Homework collection: Family Tree/Genetics Project due
Weekly Quiz moved to next Monday

4. Goals * State the Objective(s)/Standard (s)- RI 7.6; W2; Sci 3c
* State the Purpose (Big Idea) - How can we explain the extinction of Mississippi life based on limitations of cell structure and function, genetics, energy/food webs, and biomes/adaptations?
SWBAT Compare and contrast modes of sexual and asexual reproduction

5. Agenda
I Do: Vocabulary & Figures
We Do: Video Clip Discussion
You Do: Pros and Cons Comparison; Point of View Review
Summary/ Feedback/ Questions

6. What makes people and animals so different?
What was happening?
What makes people and animals so different?
Why do we look like our relatives?
How can we map the inheritance of traits?
Where is our genetic information stored in a cell?
3 minutes

7. Teaser to Genetics
5 minutes

8. What makes people and animals so different?
What was happening?
What makes people and animals so different?
Why do we look like our relatives?
How can we map the inheritance of traits?
Where is our genetic information stored in a cell?
3 minutes

9. 1 pair of sex determining (X,Y) 22 pairs of autosomes
Review of Chromosomes
1 pair of sex determining (X,Y)
22 pairs of autosomes
→ How many chromosomes do we have?
1 minute

10. Which are the autosomes?
Autosome Review
Which are the autosomes?
1 minute

11. A distinct nucleotide sequence part of a chromosome
Genes
A distinct nucleotide sequence part of a chromosome
A unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring

12. Allele A a
One of the alternative forms of a gene that arise by mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome.

13. Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles
Associated with the more common condition
Happens in more offspring a
Linked to the less common condition
Happens less often in generations

14. Genotype
AA Aa aa
A combination of alleles located on corresponding chromosomes that determines a specific trait.

15. Genotype codes for phenotype
Aa, AA - dominant phenotype
aa - recessive phenotype
From the central dogma
DNA → protein expression → what we look like

16. What you see vs. what it is
Phenotype vs. Traits
What you see vs. what it is
Trait = Eye color
Phenotypes = Brown, blue, green
Student examples

17. Slide Sort (smallest to largest)
DNA
Central Dogma (DNA→ RNA→ Protein)
Genotype
Allele
Phenotype
Gene
Chromosome/ Autosome
10 minutes

18. Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction

19. Reproduction
The production of offspring, or new individuals, through a sexual or asexual process to make sure a species can continue.

20. Mechanisms of Asexual Reproduction

21. Asexual Reproduction
Involves only one parent producing identical offspring with the exact same genetic material.

22. Many plants and fungi reproduce mostly asexually as well.
Asexual Reproduction
A form of reproduction which does not involve meiosis or fertilization.
The primary form of reproduction for single-celled organisms such as archaea, bacteria, and protists.
Many plants and fungi reproduce mostly asexually as well.

23. Types of Asexual Reproduction
Binary fission
Bacterial Conjugation
Regeneration
Budding
Spores

24. When the parent divides into two new identical cells
Binary Fission
When the parent divides into two new identical cells
Amoeba

25. Cell splits and replicated DNA goes with each part
Binary Fission
Cell splits and replicated DNA goes with each part
Prokaryotes, Bacteria
be.com/watch?v=D Y9DNWcqxI4

26. Bacterial Conjugation
A bacteria shoots out a tube and sends a piece of its DNA to another bacteria
Bacteria

27. Fragmentation/Regeneration
Body of parent breaks and produces offspring
Fungi, moss, sea stars, planarian

28. Regeneration
The ability of an organism to regenerate injured parts into new individuals
Planaria

29. Offspring grows out of parent
Budding
Offspring grows out of parent
Yeast, hydras

30. Budding
A cell grows from the body of a parent cell similar to the way a bud forms on a tree branch.
The new cell breaks away and lives on its own.
Hydra

31. Spore Formation Fungi most often reproduce by making spores.
Lightweight spores are surrounded by a protective covering and can be easily carried through air or water to new places.

32. Sexual Reproduction
Results in increasing genetic diversity of the offspring.
Characterized by two processes:
Meiosis, halving of the number of chromosomes
Fertilization, combination of two gametes and the restoration of the original number of chromosomes
During meiosis, chromosomes usually cross over = genetic recombination.
Primary method of reproduction for the vast majority of visible organisms, including almost all animals and plants.

33. Egg and sperm combine to form new organism
Sexual Reproduction
Requires Two Sex Cells
Egg and Sperm
Egg and sperm combine to form new organism
New organism is genetically different from the parents

34. Pollination Pollen is delivered to female part of plant
Flowering plants

35. Sexual Reproduction DNA from 2 individuals merge to form one
Animals, Plants

36. External Fertilization
Getting gametes together
Eggs are shed by the female and fertilized by the male
Requires an environment where an egg can develop without desiccation or heat stress  occurs almost exclusively in moist habitats
Most fishes and amphibians

37. Internal Fertilization
Getting gametes together
Occurs when the sperm are deposited in (or nearby) the female reproductive tract; egg and sperm unite within the female’s body
Requires cooperative behavior that makes copulation possible, as well as sophisticated reproductive systems

38. Protection of the Embryo
External Fertilization
Enormous numbers of zygotes produced; only a few survive
Internal Fertilization
Produces fewer zygotes wherein more survive
Resistant eggs, development of embryo within the reproductive tract of female parent, parental protection of eggs

39. Remember!
Offspring from sexual reproduction results in organisms that are genetically different from the parents.
Offspring from asexual reproduction are genetically identical to the parent.

40. The Five Kingdoms and Reproduction
Monerans
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Binary fission
Fission
Asexual
Sexual
Spores
Budding
Asexual Budding
Bacteria
Amoeba
Plankton
Algae
Mushrooms
Mold
Mildew
Yeast
Moss
Fern
Liverworts
Horse tails
Sponges
Worms
Insects
Mammals
Compare and contrast the five kingdoms and the type of reproduction. Give one example of each.

41. Sexual Reproduction
PROS: 1. 2. 3.
CONS:
Asexual reproduction
PROS: 1. 2. 3.
CONS:

42. CONS: Takes more time, results in relatively fewer offspring
Sexual Reproduction
PROS: More care for the child (usually), genetic diversity, more likely to survive after one serious event
CONS: Takes more time, results in relatively fewer offspring
Asexual reproduction
PROS: Don’t have to find a mate, Don’t have to care about copies or as many organelles to divide, faster, can make way more offspring
CONS: Less genetic diversity, copies are more likely to die after a single serious event

43. List the Point of View Context Clues:
Sexual reproduction is a more advanced and better form of reproduction. It took longer to evolve and the life forms that use it are more advanced, complex, and able to survive certain events.

44. What Interested Me? Why Should I Care? Don’t Forget!
Write in your notes what interested you.
Why Should I Care?
Why should you care about what we talked about today?
Don’t Forget!
Family Tree Projects Are Due!
Tutoring will be by appointment. Write me a note and put it in my bag to schedule. I am available next weekend.

45. GO GO FEEDBACK FRONTIER!
Miss K – In my baggie (Comments on my teaching, living up to my goals, and any personal things you need to privately tell me)
Your peers – Feedback to 1 or 2 people… What is something you saw him/her do that matched up with our class values? Why was it really great to see this?