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Battles of The Civil War

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1 Battles of The Civil War

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3 1.Fort Sumter Lincoln cannot allow Confederates to control Union property Confederates try to take control of fort before reinforcements arrive Battle last 33 hrs before Union surrenders Civil War has begun

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6 2. 1st Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)
July 21, 1861 Confederate forces (Gen. Stonewall Jackson) get the upper hand Union (Gen. Irwin McDowell) panicked and ran All hope of a quick war vanishes, create myth of invincible south

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8 3. Naval War/New Orleans By Spring 1862 Union blocked most ports
Union ships could not stop all Blockade Runners Union (Farragut) captures New Orleans One step closer to controlling MS River

9 4. The Battle of Shiloh April 6-7 1862
Union (Gen Ulysses S. Grant) campaign to capture Tennessee and Cumberland River Confederates launch surprise attack Union is able to win, but 20,000 wounded or killed Solidify Union’s army dominance in West

10 5. 2nd Battle of Bull Run Aug 29-30, 1862
Union (Gen. George McClellan) want to capture Richmond McClellan allows troops to be divided Confederates (Gen. Robert E. Lee) attacks, Confederates 20 Miles from DC (Bull Run)

11 6. Battle of Antietam Sept 17 1862
Confederates and Lee invade Maryland Union (McClellan) force Confederacy to retreat, but doesn’t pursue (Replaced by Burnside) Confederacy loses chance to gain support Bloodiest one day battle (22,000) Paves way for Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation

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14 Emancipation Proclamation
That on the 1st day of January, in the year of our Lord 1863, all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free; and the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authority thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. That the executive will, on the 1st day January aforesaid, by proclamation, designate the states and parts of states, if any, in which the people thereof, respectively, shall then be in rebellion against the United States; and the fact that any state or the people thereof shall on that day be in good faith represented in the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a majority of the qualified voters of such states shall have participated shall, in the absence of strong countervailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such state and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States. Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as commander in chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this 1st day of January, in the year of our Lord 1863, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaimed for the full period of 100 days from the day first above mentioned, order, and designate as the states and parts of states wherein the people thereof, respectively, are this day in rebellion against the United States And, by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as slaves within said designated states and parts of states are, and henceforward shall be, free; and that the executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judgment of mankind and the gracious favor of Almighty God

15 Emancipation Proclamation (9/1862)
All states in Rebellion (confederacy), frees 0 slaves If they don’t have representatives in Congress “fit and necessary war measure”, way to suppress rebellion Government and armed forces Constitution gives him power as a military necessity Changed Civil War from conflict to preserve union to a war to free the slaves

16 7. Fredericksburg Dec 13,1862 Union General Ambrose Burnside attacks Lee troops Union suffers 12,000 causalities Burnside replaced by General Joseph Hooker * By end of 1862, no prospect of victory for either side

17 8. Chancellorsville May 2, 1863 Union Gen Joseph Hooker tries to surround Lee’s troops in VA Lee divides his troops and attacks Union first Confederates (Lee) wins but Gen Stonewall Jackson dies

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19 9. Vicksburg May 1863 Grant attacks Vicksburg Attacks unsuccessful
Grant laid 47 day siege; cut of food, bombard city July 4th 1863 Confederates surrender Union cuts Confederacy in two (Anaconda Plan)

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21 10. Gettysburg July 1-3 1863 Hooker replaced by George Meade
July 3rd Pickets Charge - 15,000 Confederates attack Union on Cemetery Ridge = 7,000 dead in a ½ hr Union Victory – 23,000 dead, South 28,000 Turning Point – Confederacy loses chance of British aid forever, remain on defensive for rest of war.

22 11. Chattanooga Nov 1863 Confederate forces were driven out of Tennessee Union in control of major RR junction and a straight line into Atlanta (Anaconda Plan) Grant becomes General in Chief for the Union army

23 12. Wilderness to Cold Harbor
Series of attacks in VA to distract Lee from Sherman’s march on Atlanta Wilderness – two days no pausing Spotsylvania – 11 days, hand to hand Cold Harbor – Grant stopped by Lee, but Grant did buy Sherman time Union much more causalities

24 13. Atlanta Sept 1864 1/3 of Atlanta burned
Fall of Atlanta helps Lincoln secure re- election in 1864 against McClellan Lincoln passes 13th Amendment = no slavery

25 14.Sherman’s March to the Sea
November 12, 1864, Sherman marched out of Atlanta toward the Atlantic coast sixty-mile wide swath of destruction in the Confederacy's heartland

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27 15. Appomattox Courthouse
Lee tries to escape from Grant during the Siege of Petersburg Lee surrenders to Grant on April 9, 1865 = Civil War over Generous terms of surrender for Confederates No one prosecuted for treason Allowed to take horses home (farmers)

28 Legacy of the Civil War Impact on US
13th Amendment = ends slavery How to reunite Country = Reconstruction Strengthen Federal government States cannot leave Union Constitution works

29 Legacy of the Civil War Impact on South
Economically destroyed RR destroyed, towns/farms/factories ruined Replace slaves, what will happen to Cotton Industry Socially devastated Lost large % of young men (320,000) Politically Democrats weaken Federal government stronger then states North in charge of Reconstruction

30 Legacy of the Civil War Impact on North
Economically Became more Industrial More people work for RR then farms New Technologies were created -Socially Immigrants come for opportunity Lost 385,000 Political Republicans in charge

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