1. 8.3 Review Transcription & Translation
8.3, 8.4, 8.5

2. DNA Replication What does it mean to replicate something?
What is happening when DNA is replicated?
What is the end result after replication is complete?

3. DNA Replication

4. Step 1
Enzymes “unzip” the double helix at the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs
Origins of replication
Happens in 2 directions at the same time

5. Step 2 Free floating nucleotides pair with the unzipped strand
DNA polymerase (an enzyme) aids in quickly binding complimentary base pairs
One side is easy, one side is not because the enzyme has to go backwards

6. Complimentary Base Pairs
GCTAACT
ACCTGCAA
TGCATCAGCAT

7. Step 2

8. Step 3 2 identical molecules of DNA are formed!!! Yay!!!
Each has 1 new side and one old side
Process is semiconservative
1 strand in conserved while the complimentary strand is new

9. Transcription Proteins are coded in DNA
Where is DNA found in the cell?
Where are proteins made in the cell?
How do we get from point A to point B?

10. “Central Dogma” of Molecular Bio
DNA
Replication
RNA
Transcription
Polypeptide (protein)
Translation
This can only go in ONE direction

11. DNA vs. RNA Single Stranded Double stranded Ribose Sugar
Deoxyribose Sugar
ATGC
Single Stranded
Ribose Sugar
AUGC

12. A comparison

13. Prepare to be more confused

14. Make sure you have them watch this video, you idiot.
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15. There are 3 types of RNA mRNA – messenger RNA rRNA – ribosomal RNA
tRNA – transfer RNA

16. What do they do?
mRNA: An intermediate message that is translated to form proteins
rRNA: Forms parts of ribosomes. These are the cell’s protein making factories
tRNA: brings amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosomes
Aids in protein growth

17. Translation
Translation is the conversion of a message from one type to another
In order for you to understand Mandarin, you must have a translator
In order for proteins to be made, there must be a translation from the mRNA

18. Translation Reading frame mRNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time
Portion of mRNA that codes for a section of proteins
mRNA is read 3 nucleotides at a time
Triplet code
All organisms share the genetic code
Considered the common language between organisms

19. Codons A sequence of three nucleotides that code an amino acid
Start codon
Methionine (AUG)
Stop codon
UAA, UAG, or UGA

20. Ribosomes!!! Consist of large and small subunits Large subunit
Binds to tRNA
Small subunit
Binds to mRNA

21. tRNA molecules Contain anticodons tRNA molecules bind to ribosomes
Complimentary bases to an mRNA codons
tRNA molecules bind to ribosomes
Act as an “adapter” between mRNA and amino acids

22. Anti-codon practice
Find the amino acid and anticodon for each triplet code
AUG
AAG
CCC
UUU

23. The dreaded process Boring level minimum Boring level maximum
Boring level minimum
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