1. Example diagram and detailed description of bonding in substance
What particles do they contain?
Examples
Example diagram and detailed description of bonding in substance
Are melting points high or low? Why?
Does the type of substance conduct electricity? Why?
Giant ionic structures
Simple molecular substances
Giant covalent structure- diamond
Giant covalent structure- graphite
Giant covalent structure- silicon dioxide
Metals (Giant metallic structures)

2. Yes, a sea of free electrons can move through the structure.
What particles do they contain?
Examples
Example diagram and detailed description of bonding in substance
Are melting points high or low? Why?
Does the type of substance conduct electricity? Why?
Giant ionic structures
Ions formed from a metal and non-metal element
Sodium chloride, magnesium oxide etc…
Simple molecular substances
Atoms of non-metal elements
Giant covalent structure- diamond
Only contains carbon atoms
Giant covalent structure- graphite
Giant covalent structure- silicon dioxide
Silicon and oxygen atoms
Metals (Giant metallic structures)
Only atoms of a metal element
Any metal from the Periodic Table
A 3D lattice structure consisting of a regular arrangement of ions held together by strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
High mpt. Strong attractions between oppositely charged ions take a lot of energy to break.
As a solid ions are held together by strong electrostatic forces so ions can’t move. When molten/dissolved ions become free to carry an electrical current.
H2O, CO2, H2, HCl, CH4, O2
Simple molecules have strong covalent bonds between atoms but weak forces of attraction between molecules.
Low mpt. Strong covalent bonds between atoms form molecules but Weak forces of attraction between molecules don’t take much energy to break.
Poor conductors, there are no free charged particles to move and carry the electrical current.
High mpt. Many strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms that take a lot of energy to break.
No, there are no free charged particles to move through the structure as each C atom uses its 4 outer electrons in forming 4 strong covalent bonds.
A 3D regular arrangement of atoms where each C atom forms 4 strong covalent bonds.
Each carbon atom forms 3 covalent bonds to form hexagonal layers of atoms. There are weak forces between the layers meaning they can easily slide over each other.
High mpt. Many strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms that take a lot of energy to break.
Yes, each C atom only forms 3 bonds forming a sea of free electrons to move between the hexagonal layers of atoms.
A 3D regular arrangement of atoms where each Si atom forms strong covalent bonds with 2 oxygen atoms
High mpt. Many strong covalent bonds between carbon atoms that take a lot of energy to break.
No, there are no free charged particles move through the structure.
A regular arrangement of positive ions surrounded by a sea of delocalised electrons.
High mpt. Strong attractions between positive nuclei and sea of electrons that take a lot of energy to break.
Yes, a sea of free electrons can move through the structure.