1. Developing design criteria Design Objectives Trees
9/21/2018
AAE 490B Week 3
Lecture 6
Developing design criteria Design Objectives Trees
Safe ladder for construction
Safe
Marketable
Portable
Inexpensive
Durable
Useful
Stiff
Stable
Indoors
Outdoors
Right height
Light weight
Small, transportable
Level ground
On floors
Must meet OSHA safety standards
Northrop Grumman Private/Proprietary Level I

2. Copyright 2006 Purdue University
Mission Statement AAE490B Project Team 10: Ryan Milmoe, Jesii Doyle, Nick Vazquez, Matt Fosler
Product Description
Cost effective
Innovative
High lifecycle
Reliable
Ability to orbit at least MEO
Upgradeable
Expandable
Able to monitor large area with high resolution
September 21, 2018
Copyright 2006 Purdue University

3. Copyright 2006 Purdue University
Mission Statement AAE490B Project Team 10: Ryan Milmoe, Jesii Doyle, Nick Vazquez, Matt Fosler
Key Business Goals
Win bid
Good return on investment
Longevity
Adaptability
Good business ethics
September 21, 2018
Copyright 2006 Purdue University

4. Copyright 2006 Purdue University
Mission Statement AAE490B Project Team 10: Ryan Milmoe, Jesii Doyle, Nick Vazquez, Matt Fosler
Key Customer Benefits
Cost-effective business solution to product requirements
Ability to monitor large viewing area with high resolution
High industrial visibility
Attack resistant product
September 21, 2018
Copyright 2006 Purdue University

5. Copyright 2006 Purdue University
Mission Statement AAE490B Project Team 10: Ryan Milmoe, Jesii Doyle, Nick Vazquez, Matt Fosler
Target Markets
Defense agencies
Google
Mapping industries
Civil space agencies
September 21, 2018
Copyright 2006 Purdue University

6. Copyright 2006 Purdue University
Mission Statement AAE490B Project Team 10: Ryan Milmoe, Jesii Doyle, Nick Vazquez, Matt Fosler
Stakeholders
Team 10
Potential buyers
Potential suppliers
Third party users
Existing and future satellite companies
Launch vehicle companies
September 21, 2018
Copyright 2006 Purdue University

7. Today’s plan
Develop an objectives tree in which we list our objectives, even if they aren’t in the right word form
Make sure all ideas are captured
Then, put items in the right word form
Identify higher level categories and group them
Draw the objectives tree

8. Effective design begins with understanding the goals and possibilities
All design goals should be traceable to the list of system objectives
Goals should be quantifiable and verifiable – fuzzy doesn’t do it – Measures of Effectiveness (MOE) and Measures of Performance (MOP)
Design options often yield objectives

9. System effectiveness over time decreases and requires new solutions

10. Objectives trees support the development of the House of Quality (HoQ)

11. Objectives - quantifiable expectations of performance some of these objectives will “drive” the design
Needs, Goals and Mission are the first steps in design
Objectives definition comes next -examples
“Keep the cost of the bumper low”
“Use the ladder for indoor electrical work”
“Make sure the sump pump is not noisy”
“Operate out of small airports like Des Moines”
“Our performance expectations are …”
Understand constraints
“Tie one hand behind back”
“Bumper less than 50 pounds”
“Radar return less than 0.1 Db”

12. Developing the objectives tree
Identify and Organize objectives beginning with high levels of importance and breaking them down into sub-objectives
Notice clumps
Hitchin’s Third System Law: The size of the screw-up is inversely proportional to the elapsed project time

13. Constructing the objectives tree what the client wants and what the users need
We need to sort because our brainstormed list will contain:
Goals & Objectives
ends we try to achieve by making something happen
attributes or behavior the client and system users will find attractive
Things that the design “will be” (the being statements) as opposed to “must do” - the “being statements” “Stiff” is a “being” statement
Objectives can also be written as statements that “more (or less) of the goal is better than “less (or more) of the goal”
“Lighter is better than heavier”
Objectives should be written so that they help us choose between designs
Objectives must be measured somehow
Constraints
Functions
Means or implementation

14. Reminder - Constraints are important, but they are not objectives
Constraints = “Restrictions or limitations on a behavior or value or some other aspect of the design performance”
Constraints should not appear in the first version of the objectives tree
Constraints restrict or limit the size of the design space
Constraints allow us to clearly reject some designs or design components while objectives allow us to choose between alternatives, some of which are better than others
Constraints are stated as clearly defined limits whose satisfaction is either a yes (does) or no (does not)

15. An example of getting the mission right
Identify stakeholders and other systems – identify their needs also
Typical Stakeholder objectives

16. Class exercise - User generated request for our System of Interest (SOI)
Innovative Advanced Concept Technology Demonstrator
Innovative concepts for the prototype of a new, space-based Earth orbiting system to replace existing LEO-based satellites for wide area surveillance. This new system is to operate at high orbits above the Earth where vulnerability to attack is less.
Who are stakeholders?
Why would people use this system?
What kinds of surveillance?
What other systems operate with this system?

17. Develop a list of space system objectives using the client’s words
The system is to be versatile and perhaps modular so that it can be more reliable, more responsive, upgradeable and capable of being launched in component form so that risk of a single failure is removed. It should anticipate the need for large area terrestrial surveillance by having the capability of operating at larger distances from the Earth, in orbits that are at least in MEO
Prime system features to consider are the total area monitored and target resolution. It is important to understand how these choices influence orbit selection, system weight and complexity.
What does versatile mean?
What components of a space system can be modular?
What should be upgradeable?
What are critical components?
How do you assemble a space system?
What is large area surveillance?
How high is MEO?
What are special operating conditions at MEO?
What are the trades we will make?
What kind of resolution do we have today?
What determines resolution?
What is a space system anyway?
Are the targets standing still or moving?

18. More client info to be digested
New design concepts such as deployable actively controlled membranes, connected and unconnected sparse aperture mirrors, and modularized space system concepts launched on small rockets are among the many new concepts being proposed for future systems. In addition, virtual links between space system modules, enabled by wireless systems and adaptive control algorithms, can reduce structural component weight and blur the distinction between payload and the vehicle bus.
Sounds like they are interested in “cool stuff.”

19. Space system tentative objectives list
Reduced cost compared to large systems
Increased reliability
Reduced weight
Reduced volume
Increase system life
System must be replenishable
System must be upgradeable
System should minimize redundancy
System should incorporate modular design
Capable of being launched in modular form
Capable of being assembled in orbit
Must operate in MEO orbits
Monitor wide areas of the Earth
Achieve high resolution
Be responsive to requests for data
Reduce need for system onboard propellant storage

20. Read on to get more insight
Proposals are solicited for advanced concepts to provide remote viewing of Earth features that equal or exceed current systems such as SPOT. How the system looks down, whether it uses a large mirror or a series of mirrors as part of its telescope, whether the system is monolithic or segmented, the field of view and degree of resolution are left to the bidder.
The space system will have the capability of being launched in small vehicles, such as the new Falcon series of rockets. Special attention must be given to system cost, responsiveness to requests for data, repair, upgradeability, remote assembly, ground check-out time and cost and the consequences of a failure of any one vehicle.

21. Space system objectives list expands
Reduced cost of large systems
Increased reliability
Reduced weight
Reduced volume
Increase system life
System must be replenishable
System must be upgradeable
System should minimize redundancy
System should demonstrate modular design
System must be modular
Capable of being launched in modular form
Capable of being assembled in orbit
Capable of being launched on small vehicles
Reduce consequences of launch failure
Must operate in wide range of orbital planes for wide area coverage
Monitor critical areas of the Earth
Achieve high resolution
Reduce need for system onboard propellant storage
Earth pictures must be as good as SPOT – what’s SPOT?
Onboard computer processing must be upgradeable
Must use new technologies
Check out time short

22. … and, finally …
Communications and data rates will be determined by the bidder. Initial operation will occur in 2015, but a description of anticipated improvements in the system, based upon bidder knowledge of state-of-the-art development must be presented in the proposal.

23. Space system objectives list expands
Reduced cost of large systems
Increased reliability
Reduced weight
Reduced volume
Increase system life
System must be replenishable
System must be upgradeable
System should minimize redundancy
System should demonstrate modular design
System must be modular
Capable of being launched in modular form
Capable of being assembled in orbit
Initial operation by 2015
Capable of being launched on small vehicles
Reduce consequences of launch failure
Must operate in wide range of orbital planes for wide area coverage
Monitor critical areas of the Earth
Achieve high resolution
Reduce need for system onboard propellant storage
Earth pictures must be as good as SPOT – what’s SPOT?
Onboard computer processing must be upgradeable
Must use new technologies
Check out time short

24. Pruned objectives list
How?
Answer questions like “what do you mean by … ?
As you work down the list you will answer generic “how” questions.
Why?

25. Use the brainstormed list to clump items and develop a Hierarchal Chart
Goals & Objectives such as:
Must be reliable
Should be relatively inexpensive
Payload weight should be minimized to reduce cost
Refuelable to increase system longevity
No superfluous components
Constraints
Must be operational by 2015
Launched on small Falcon vehicles
Functions
Observe and sense the Earth’s electromagnetic and visual spectrum

26. Previous class’s partial Attributes List
9/21/2018
Previous class’s partial Attributes List
Versatile
Reliable
User friendly
Modular
Affordable
Upgradeable
Responsive
Able to survey large terrestrial area
Technologically advanced
Durable
Useful for military and private applications
Lightweight
Fuel efficient
Northrop Grumman Private/Proprietary Level I

27. A first attempt at an objectives tree
Space-Based Earth
Observation System
Maximize advanced technology
Long life
Reliable
Low cost operation
Low cost launch
Replenishable
Launch in
Component
Form
Replace Existing
Technology
More
Responsive
Modular
Large Area of
Terrestrial
Surveillance
Little Onboard
Prop
Upgradeable

28. A different objectives tree from last year

29. Safe ladder for construction Must meet OSHA safety standards
Now – try your hand at it and send results to Jasmine and me by noon Friday.
Safe ladder for construction
Safe
Marketable
Portable
Inexpensive
Durable
Useful
Stiff
Stable
Indoors
Outdoors
Right height
Light weight
Small, transportable
Level ground
On floors
Must meet OSHA safety standards