1. Animal Behavior Complex process involves: 1. Instinct 2. Habituation
3. Anatomical Make-up

2. Five Senses Identification of places Marking territory Sexual Smell
Identification of young
Identification of places
Marking territory
Sexual

3. Five Senses
Hearing
Distress call
Aggression
Sexual
Ear Position

4. Five Senses Night vision Sight Hounds Vision Field of vision
Depth perception
Night vision
Sight Hounds

5. Five Senses
Touch
Huddling
Mutual Grooming
Scratching
Petting
Stroking

6. Agonistic Behavior Irritable or Pain-Induced Aggression
2. Maternal Aggression
3. Predatory Aggression
4. Territorial Aggression
5. Fear-Induced Aggression
6. Intermale Aggression
7. Sexually Induced Aggression
8. Dominance Aggression
9. Learned Aggression

7. Agonistic Behavior 10. Redirected Aggression 11. Play Aggression
Social Status Aggression
13. Possessive Aggression
14. Food-Related Aggression
15. Idiopathic Aggression

8. Behavior Coprophagia Attention Seeking Behavior Compulsive Disorders
Cognitive Dysfunction

9. Horse Behavior Horses are social animals. Free range horse’s day:
60% eating
20% walking
20% misc.
Stalled horse’s day:
15% eating
65% standing

10. Horse Behavior Approaching a horse Never in their blind spot
Watch the body language
Aggressive behavior
lunging forward
biting
kicking with either hind legs or both legs
striking with the forelegs
rearing

11. Horse Behavior Common problems referred to Veterinarians:
Aggression toward other horses or human 33%
Fear %
Foal rejection 12%
Procedure aversion 10%
Compulsive disorders 5%
Behavioral problems:
Cribbing
Windsucking
Wood chewing
Trailering
Stall walking
Weaving
Aggression
Pawing

12. Cow Behavior Cows are herd-oriented animals. Aggressive behavior:
pawing the ground with the forefeet
head will be positioned with the forehead almost vertical to the ground
snorting.

13. Pig Behavior
Aggression: Plenty of space and distraction toys will help avert aggression
jaw snapping
barking grunts
swinging the head from side to side
Remember, pigs do not have sweat glands and can easily be overheated.

14. Sheep/Goat Behavior Sheep are gregarious (social) animals
Sheep have a strong instinct to follow the leader
Sheep have a tendency to move toward light but, balk at shadows
Aggression:
ram
jump
Goats are less timid and more adventurous than sheep
horns
head butting

15. Llamas/Alpacas
Herd oriented animals that are easily stressed with change.
Ear positioning conveys important social information:
Content: vertical position and turned forward
Aggressive: flatten
Tail position:
Content: lie flat and against the perineum
Aggressive: elevated to the vertical

16. Llamas/Alpacas Submissive behavior: Tail curving forward over the back
head and neck held low
ears in a normal horizontal position
front limbs slightly bent
Aggressive Behavior:
spitting
kicking with back legs

17. Dogs Dominance: 1. a fixed stare ("clinical stare")
2. ears raised and angled forward
3. front of body held high and the hair on the neck is raised
4. tail raised
lips curled revealing the canines and incisors
Defensive or intimidated stance:
1. lower front end and head
2. ears back
3. lips pulled by in a "grin"
4. tail between legs - will bite if you encroach on its personal space

18. Dogs Submission: 1. lowering front end 2. avoiding direct eye contact
3. tail between legs
4. squat, urinated and defecate
5. may lie down on side or back exposing belly

19. Dogs

20. Dogs Most common dog behavior problems according to owners:
Most common dog behavior problems according to owners:
1. Jumping 5. Digging
2. Barking 6. Chewing
3. Begging for food 7. Fear of horses
4. Jumping on furniture 8. Overprotective
Most common dog behavior problems seen at a referral practice:
1. Aggression Barking
2. Inappropriate elimination 6. Fears/phobias
3. Destructive behavior 7. Excessive submission
4. Excitability 8. Compulsive

21. Dogs Common behavioral problems: Separation Anxiety House-soiling
Barking
Chewing

22. Cats Allogrooming Allorubbing
Classification of common cat behavior problems:
57.3 % are related to stressful environments
19.7% are related to medical causes
12.9% are related to improper socialization
10.1% are related to normal or genetic causes

23. Cats

24. Cats
Aggression:
Play
Fear
Pet-Induced

25. Cats
Dominance
Sexual
Redirected

26. Cats Most common behavior problems seen in indoor cats:
1. Anexiety 4. Aggression
2. Scratching furniture 5. Inappropriate urination
3. Feeding problems 6. Inappropriate defecation
Most common problems leading to shelter surrender:
1. Fearfulness 3. Elilmination
2. Scratching 4. Aggression

27. Cats
Common Behavioral Problems:
House soiling
Spraying
Aggression

28. Avian Birds in the wild spend a 24 hour day: Grooming 20-66%/day
Foraging for food %/day
Vocalizing 2-5%/day
Social Interaction %/day
Bird Postures:
Threatening/Scared
Aggression
Sexual/Attachment

29. Avian Common behavioral problems: Feather picking Screaming Aggression
Aggression 
Height Dominance
Biting:

30. Behavior Modification
Positive reinforcement
Negative reinforcement 
Counter conditioning Desensitization

31. Behavior Modification
Corrective Techniques
Direct interactive punishment 
Remote interactive punishment
Time out
 Environmental
Homeopathic Treatment
Ginko
 Kava
Passiflora
Valerian
 Catnip
 Melatonin

32. Behavioral Enrichment
Sensory stimulation
Feeding
Manipulation
Environmental
Social
Training
Puzzles
Animal enrichment at the Oregon Zoo:
Denver Zoo Animal Enrichment:
Step Into The Wild (Animal Enrichment)