1. The Student Becomes the Master: Manifest Destiny’s Evolution to Imperialism
Unit 5: Manifest Destiny and American Imperialism #4
DO NOW
LOOK at the cartoon and analyze

3. Imperialism Frontier declared ‘closed’ in 1890
It was suppose last 100 generations!
How could this influence policy?
Capitalism requires new markets…Why?

4. Imperialism
The policy in which stronger nations extend their economic, political or military control over weaker territories.
Involves spreading one’s influence over a foreign land

5. Why Does America Become Imperialistic?
Unit 5: Manifest destiny and American Imperialism

6. Factors that fueled Imperialism?
Reason 1: Economics
What does a capitalist country need to sustain success?
Need for Raw materials
New Markets – solution to overproduction & unemployment
Favorable balance of trade

7. Factors that fueled American Imperialism
Desire for new markets
Advances in technology: produce more than consume
Need raw materials
Solution to overproduction and unemployment
Favorable balance of trade!

8. Another factor? Reason 2: Need for Military Strength Alfred T. Mahan:
The Influence of Sea power Upon History
Pushed Government:
To build up American naval power to compete
To establish naval bases in the Caribbean
To construct Panama Canal
To acquire Hawaii and other islands.

9. Why does the David become Goliath?
Social Darwinism
“Survival of the fittest”
Reason 3. - Racism
“White Man’s Burden”
It was an Anglo-Saxon’s duty to civilize the world.

10. Think-Pair-Share What is the essence of America?
How would you describe America today? What are America’s attributes, character.
On the next slide you will view a series of American foreign policies that encompass 200 years of history.
Please answer the following questions individually at first and then discuss as a table.
1. What can we infer about the “essence” of America during the time period the policy was created?
2. How did America evolve over the course of 200 years?
Remember Think Using: CONTEXT (when did this occur) AND SUBTEXT (implications)

11. Think-Pair-Share Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary Truman Doctrine
Bush Doctrine

12. American Imperialism at Work
Unit 5: Manifest Destiny and American Imperialism
DO NOW
What importance does alaska and hawaii have to the us?
Look at following map

13. Alaska

14. Alaska 1867: Purchased (becomes territory)
1959: Becomes 49th state in U.S.
Purchased from Russia ($7.2 million)
William Seward, Secretary of State
“Seward’s Folly”?

15. The United States Takes Hawaii
Economic & Military Importance of Hawaii
Half-way between US and east Asia
Large U.S. presence: Pineapples and sugar
Pearl Harbor: refueling station for American Ships
1890s call for Annexation

16. The United States Takes Hawaii
The End of a Monarchy:
1887 – Hawaii leased Pearl Harbor to US as a naval base
1887: King bowed to pressure from Americans
Property requirement to vote.
1891 Queen Liliuokalani: new constitution
no property requirements–power back to Hawaiians

17. 1893 Americans overthrow Liliuokalani Cleveland does NOT annex Hawaii
"Substantial wrong has thus been done which a due regard for our national character as well as the rights of the injured people requires we should endeavor to repair the monarchy.“
1898 McKinley annexes Hawaii
Hawaiians never voted on annexation
1959 – Hawaii becomes 50th state

19. US heads off-shore… 1867 Alaska $7.2million from Russia
1867 Midway Islands
1878 Pago Pago, Samoa (annexed 1899)
1898 Hawaii
1898 Guam, Puerto Rico, Philippines
1899 Wake Island

20. #5- Causes of the Spanish American War 18.2
Unit 5: Manifest Destiny and American Imperialism

21. Spanish overseas possessions

22. Background Background: American Interest in Cuba
Early 1800s: Spanish Empire in decline
Cuba one of its few overseas possessions
American Interest in Cuba
U.S. Tariff on sugar (cash crop of Cuba)

23. Underlying Causes of the Spanish-American War
1. Cuban Revolution -Cuba Libra
Jose Marti- Cuba’s George Washington
General Weyler- Spaniard in control of Cuba; portrayed as a “butcher”

24. Underlying Causes of the Spanish-American War
2.. Yellow Journal
Sensational writing
Untrue
Used to sell newspapers
William Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer
Newspapers exploit Weyle’s actions
Americans gain sympathy for Cuban Cause
Hearst sent artist – Remington to Cuba. “You supply the pictures and I’ll supply the war”

25. Yellow Journalism

26. Underlying Causes of the Spanish-American War
3. The de Lôme Letter
Private
Private letter by Spanish minister to the US Enrique Dupuy de Lôme
published by Yellow Journalists
Called McKinley weak
Spain apologizes, de Lôme resigns:
America angry
You wouldn’t want to see him when he is angry

27. Underlying Causes of the Spanish-American War
#4 -US battle ship explodes in Havana Harbor January 25, 1898.
260 killed
“Remember the Maine!”
US makes demands

28. U.S.S. Maine

29. Front-Page News

30. WAR…WHAT IS IT GOOD FOR…GETTING WHAT YOU WANT!
Spain agreed to demands on April 10. including cease-fire
The US Congress on April 20 declared war
Teller Amendment: The US would NOT Annex Cuba
Cubans could retain “control of the island to its people”
Soldiers prepared to fight in Cuba
Admiral George Dewey
attacks Manila Bay

31. Some Disagreed
Some American businessmen felt it would lead to the destruction of American-owned properties
Diplomatically – After the sinking of the Maine, Spain agreed to US demands.

32. Teddy Roosevelt’s Rough Riders

33. War Ends Four months of war
60,000 Casualties (dead, missing, wounded) for the Spanish, Cuban, Filipino forces
5,400 American Casualties (3,289 Americans deaths of which approximately only 400 died in battle).
Most died from disease

34. Treaty of Paris: December 10, 1898
Ends the war, but marked the beginning of America’s colonial age.
PROVISIONS:
Spain would…
Gave up all rights to Cuba
Teller Amendment:
Surrendered Puerto Rico and gave up its possessions in the West Indies
Surrendered the island of Guam to the United States
Surrendered the Philippines to the United States for a payment of 20 million dollars – Filipinos upset

35. Philippine American War (1899-1902) Up to 200,000 Filipinos killed compared 4,300 Americans

36. William McKinley Assassinated!

37. Roosevelt, Empire and Panama 18.3
Roosevelt Corollary? Many Latin American countries indebted to European nations
U.S. warned it would use force to police Western Hemisphere
Roosevelt: “Speak softly and carry a big stick…”

38. Panama Canal 1903 – Hay-Herran Treaty (US & Columbia) Roosevelt angry…
Columbia’s legislature did not ratify.
Roosevelt angry…
Promised support for, Panama's separatist movement
Panama achieved independence and the United States quickly recognized them.
Within three days of independence Panama gave the US rights to build and control the Panama Canal.

39. Theodore Roosevelt President 1901-1909
The Panama Canal – Major reason for building canal was to help create the US as a world power.

40. The Great White Fleet TR wants to project American strength to world.
Paint navy white so does not appear aggressive
Some in Congress balked at the cost.
TR: “Try and get it back”

41. Open Door Policy China a vast potential market
France, Great Britain Germany and Japan created “spheres of influence” along China’s coast.
Open Door Notes – letters to imperialist nations to share trading rights with the US
They reluctantly accepted.

42. Taft & Dollar Diplomacy
Institutes new policy for the West Indies & Pacific
Dollar Diplomacy – Encourages US capital investment in foreign nations thus expanding US policy interests
GOAL?
Make the US a commercial and financial world power.
HOW?
Protected American businesses as they expanded investment and trade
WHY?
US can expand into foreign nations without the use of military force, but if necessary use US troops to protect those interests