1. Stacy Kopso, M.Ed., R.T.(R)(M)
Additional Equipment

2. Additional Equipment Dedicated units Panoramic x-ray Bone densitometry
Mammography
Linear tomography

3. Dedicated Units
Chest radiography

4. Panoramic X-ray Mandible and Teeth Moves around the stationary patient
Long exposure times

5. Bone Densitometry
Determine if a patients bone mineral density or mass is normal or low for evaluation of osteoporosis
(DXA) Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry
Lower spine and hips are scanned w/ 2 diff xray energies to isolate bone from soft tissue attenuation
Denser the bone, few photons are transmitted

6. Bone Densitometry
DXA scintillator detectors absorb the x-ray photons and convert the energy proportionally to visible light
Photons measured at both high & low energies are compared w/ standards for young, healthy adults

7. Data Analysis T-Score Z-Score
Number of standard deviations the pt measurement is from the data mean for a population sample of young, healthy adults
Indicates fracture risk
Z-Score
Compares the individual measurement ot a data mean for a population of similarly aged individuals
May signify the need to evaluate the pt for secondary causes of osteoporosis

8. Bone Densitometry

9. Mammography
Breast is composed of soft tissues that attenuate the x-ray beam similarly
Low kilovoltage (24-34)
increases the subject contrast to better visualize the similar tissues
Target material of tube made out of molybdenum & rhodium
Contain more low energy x-rays best suited for breast imaging

10. Mammography FSS Low ratio grid, AEC, image receptors
.1-.3MM (Increased spatial resolution)
Low ratio grid, AEC, image receptors
Compression & magnification of the breast tissue
Single emulsion film/single intensifying screens
Higher contrast more detail

11. Mammography

12. Linear tomography
X-ray tube and image receptor move in opposing directions to create images by blurring the anatomy located above & below the plane of interest (fulcrum point)
Exposure time is increased, low mA, appropiate kVp for body part and thickness
Replaced by CT/still used for IVP

13. Thickness of the section is inversely related to the tomographic angle