1. THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
IRELAND

2. Catholics – 75% of the population.
IRELAND
Following the plantations, Ireland was a divided country.
RELIGIOUS GROUPS
Catholics – 75% of the population.
Presbyterians – Came to Ulster from Scotland during the plantations. 10% of the population.
Anglicans (Church of Ireland) – Came from England during the plantations. 15% of the population.

3. IRELAND Complete reading on Grattan’s Parliament.
Complete EXERCISE 19 on page 127.

4. CAUSES OF REVOLUTION IN IRELAND
Catholic and Presbyterian discontent – Even though some penal laws were banned, Catholics had to pay tax to Anglican clergy and were banned from parliament.
Influence of the American and French Revolutions
Power of Protestant Ascendancy – Protestants controlled the land even though they were only 15% of the population.
Poverty in the countryside

5. IRELAND
The United Irishmen was a group founded in Belfast to unite all religions and to reduce English power in Ireland. They later planned a rebellion in Ireland.
The Protestant Ascendancy: These were members of the Church of Ireland who controlled the land and held power in Ireland.

6. IRELAND
Theobald Wolfe Tone was leader of the Irish rebellion. Use your people in history work sheet to learn more about him.

7. THE AIM OF THE UNITED IRISHMEN WAS...
WOLFE TONE
THE AIM OF THE UNITED IRISHMEN WAS...
To unite the whole people of Ireland. To abolish the memory of all past dissentions and to substitute the common name of Irishman in place of ...Protestant (Anglican), Catholic and Dissenter (Presbyterian).
How were Irish people divided?
What did Tone want to put in place of those divisions?
Did he succeed?

8. WOLFE TONE Where was he when he wrote it? When did he arrive there?
26 December: The morning is now come and the gale continues... We have now been six days in Bantry Bay within a few hundred yards of the shore without being able to land... Of the 43 sails with which we can muster...but 14.
29 December: At four this morning the commodore made the signal to set sail for France.
Where was he when he wrote it?
When did he arrive there?
How long did he stay there?
Why did they not land?

9. IRISH REBELLION 1800 Act of Union 1793 France declares war on Britain
1791
Society of United Irishmen founded in Belfast
1793
France declares war on Britain
1794
United Irishmen banned and becomes secret society
1796
Wolfe Tone in France
Bantry Bay landing fails
British introduce death penalty & arms searches
1798
Arrest of United Irish leaders
Risings in Wexford & Ulster
French army lands in Mayo & arrested in Donegal
Tone sentenced to hanging but commits suicide
1800
Act of Union

10. IRISH REBELLION
The United Irishmen planned a rising. The British knew about this through their spies and the leaders were arrested.
The Rising went ahead in Dublin, Kildare and Meath where mail coaches were attacked. They were put down easily.
There was some success in Wexford when Fr John Murphy defeated yeomanry and militia at Oulart Hill, capturing Enniscorthy and Wexford town. 200 Protestants were burned in a bard and 100 killed in Wexford town. They were defeated at new Ross and Arklow as they tried to move out of Wexford. This was known as the battle of Vinegar Hill.

11. IRISH REBELLION This defeat continued in Ulster and Connaught.
Wolfe Tone was captured when he arrived in Donegal with a French fleet. He was sentenced to death but committed suicide before this could be carried out.
The Rising of 1798 was defeated because of poor organisation, stronger government forces, spies and insufficient French help.

12. RESULTS OF THE REBELLION
30,000 PEOPLE DIED
DIVISIONS BETWEEN CATHOLICS & PROTESTANTS
ACT OF UNION DUBLIN PARLIAMENT ABOLISHED & MEMBERS TO BE SENT TO WESTMINSTER
ROBERT EMMET WAS INFLUENCED. FAILED REBELLION IN DUBLIN, 1803
INSPIRED LATER REBELLIONS – RISING OF 1867 AND 1916 RISING

13. OVERALL RESULTS OF THE AGE OF REVOLUTIONS
POWER OF MONARCHY REDUCED
DEMOCRACY GREW
EXAMPLE OF THE USA ENCOURAGED OTHER COUNTRIES
GREATER EQUALITY
VIOLENCE BECAME COMMON IN REVOLUTION
ARMIES GREW LARGER AND WAR BECAME MORE DESTRUCTIVE