1. LUSI Diagnostics & Common Optics WBS 1.5
Yiping Feng – DCO Lead Scientist
LUSI CD-2 Review
August 19, 2008
Lead Engineer: Eliazar Ortiz
Mechanical Engineer: Marc Campell
Mechanical Engineer: Nadine Kurita
Design Engineer: Rick Jackson
Designer: Don Arnett
Designer: Ben Bigornia
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2. Outline Diagnostics & common optics (DCO) overview DCO scope
Components locations
Components physics requirements
Components descriptions
Deliverables
Schedule
Costs
Major risks
6-month look-ahead
Summary
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3. Overview Common needs recognized for all LUSI instruments in
Diagnostics for measuring X-ray FEL properties
Transverse beam profile
Incident beam intensity
Transverse beam positions
Wave field at focus
Optical components for performing X-ray FEL manipulations
Beam size definition and clean-up
Attenuation
Pulse pattern selection and/or repetition rate reduction
Isolation of fundamental from high harmonics
Focusing
Monochromatization
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4. Overview (cont.)
Common components identified among all LUSI instruments & categorized, based on functionalities, into
diagnostics suite
common optics suite
To facilitate common design & implementation
A single WBS element created – WBS 1.5
Captured all XPP, CXI, and XCS common components
The DCO integrated team put in place
DCO scientific/technical team
DCO engineering team
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5. DCO Science Team
Responsible for developing specifications and device/component concepts for DCO
DCO scientific/technical team
Yiping Feng, DCO lead scientist
Instrument liaisons & DCO scientists
David Fritz, XPP instr., attenuator, harmonic rejection mirrors
Marc Messerschmidt, XPP instr.
Sébastien Boutet, CXI instr., slits system, pulse picker
Aymeric Robert, XCS instr., focusing lens, offset monochromator
Niels van Bakel, X-ray detectors support
Gunther Haller/Dieter Freytag, EE support
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6. Overview (cont.) Physics requirement documents released by DCO team
Diagnostics
sp _XRPopInProfMon-PRD
sp _XRPopInIntensity-PRD
sp _XRIntensity-Position-PRD
sp _XRWavefrontMon-PRD*
Common optics
sp _BeLens-PRD
sp _Slits-PRD
sp _Atten-PRD
sp _Pulse_Picker-PRD
sp _HarmRejMirror-PRD
sp _OffsetMono (in work)*
* In initial version-0

7. DCO Scope Work Breakdown Structure Scope/CD-2 Includes:
Physics support & engineering integration (WBS )
Diagnostics (WBS 1.5.2)
Pop-in Profile/Wavefront Monitor (WBS )
Pop-in Intensity Monitor (WBS )
Intensity-Position Monitor (WBS )
Common Optics (WBS 1.5.3)
Offset Monochromator (WBS )
X-ray Focusing Lenses (WBS )
Slits System (WBS )
Attenuators (WBS )
Pulse Picker (WBS )
Harmonic Rejection Mirrors (WBS )
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8. Components Locations Components locations
Distributed throughout the XPP, CXI, and XCS instruments, including X-ray transport tunnel
HEDS
CXI
Endstation
X-ray Transport Tunnel
Near Experimental Hall
XCS
Endstation
XPP
Endstation
Far Experimental Hall
LCLS X-ray FEL
SXR
AMO
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9. Components Locations (cont.)
An example in XPP
15 diagnostics/common optics components embedded in XPP

10. Device/Component Counts
Total device/component counts
Diagnostics/Optics
XPP
CXI
XCS
Total
Pop-in Profiler/
Wavefront Monitor 3 4 5 12 1
Pop-in Intensity Monitor 2 9
Intensity-Position Monitor 11
Offset Monochromator
X-Ray Focusing Lenses
Slits System 6 13
Attenuators/Filters
Pulse Picker
Harmonic Rejection Mirrors 15 16 26 57
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11. DCO Physics Requirements
Goals
Build diagnostics and common optics to help XPP, CXI, and XCS instruments achieve their full scientific potentials
Common requirements stemmed from characteristics of LCLS X-ray FEL
Ultra 100 fs, and repetition rate of 120 Hz
High peak power ~ 10 GW
Fully coherent in transverse directions ~ TEM00
Intrinsic intensity, temporal, spatial, timing fluctuations on per-pulse basis, i.e.,
LCLS Expected Fluctuations
Pulse intensity fluctuations
~ 30 %
(in contrast to synchrotron where fluctuation is Poisson limited)
Position & pointing jitter
(x, y, a, b)
~ 10 % of beam diameter
~ 10 % of beam divergence
Source point jitter (z)
~ 5 m
(leads to variations in apparent source size, or focal point location if focused)

12. DCO Physics Requirements (cont.)
Unique challenges identified for LUSI DCO
Capable of sustaining the instantaneous LCLS X-ray FEL peak power
Exercising deliberate material selection
Thermal calculations including melting threshold and onset of thermal fatigue
Capable of coherent beam manipulation
Minimizing large angle diffractions to the extent possible
i.e., utilizing cylindrical blades for slits
Minimizing random wavefront distortion to the extent possible
Reducing surface roughness and bulk non-uniformities
Capable of ultra-fast signal detection
Extracting signals in ~ ns to avoid large background
i.e., charge-sensitive detection in intensity measurements
Capable of per-pulse measurement if required
Each pulse is a new experiment
Averaging NOT an option, requiring high S/N ratio from single pulse
i.e., high-precision intensity measurements to 0.1% based on single pulse

13. DCO Physics Requirements (cont.)
Unique challenges for LUSI DCO (cont.)
Capable of maintaining ultra-high mechanical stability in case of large optics-to-sample distance, i.e., XCS offset monochromator
To 10% of beam size at 50 mm  0.25 mrad pointing stability
Linac-to-Undulator
(227m)
Undulator Hall (175m)
Near Expt. Hall
X-ray Transport
(230m)
Far Expt. Hall
Source to Sample 1.5 Å
CXI m
XCS m
XPP m
54 m
Rayleigh Length
60 mm
220 mm
490 mm
1.1 mrad
Mono location
200 m

14. Component Descriptions
Diagnostics suite
Pop-in profile monitor
(WBS )
Requirements
Destructive; Retractable;
Variable FOV and resolution
At 100 mm resolution, 24x24 mm2 FOV;
At 8 mm resolution, 2x2 mm2 FOV;
Capable of per-pulse 120 Hz if required
Attenuation used if necessary
Pop-in intensity monitor
(WBS )
Requirements
Destructive; Retractable;
Relative accuracy < 1%;
Working dynamic range 100;
Sensitive area 20x20 mm2
Capable of per-pulse 120 Hz
Attenuation used if necessary

15. Component Descriptions (cont.)
Diagnostics suite (cont.)
Intensity-position monitor
(WBS )
Requirements
In-situ, but retractable if desired
Highly transmissive (< 5% loss);
Relative accuracy < 0.1%;
Working dynamic range 1000;
Position accuracy in xy < 10 mm;
Per-pulse op. at 120 Hz;
Wavefront monitor
(WBS )
Requirements
In-situ, but retractable if desired
Variable FOV and resolution
Per-pulse 120 Hz
Attenuation used if necessary
Computational algorithms needed for wavefront reconstruction

16. Component Descriptions (cont.)
Common optics suite
X-ray focusing lenses
(WBS )
Requirements
Produce variable focused spot size
For XPP
2-10 mm in focus
40-60 mm out-of-focus
Minimize wavefront distortion
Withstand FEL full flux
Slits system
(WBS )
Requirements
0 – 10 mm gap setting
10-9 in trans. btw keV
10-8 in trans. at 25 keV
Gap precisions in xy
0.5 mm for precise slits
5 mm for coarse slits
Minimize diffraction/wavefront distortion
Withstand FEL full flux

17. Component Descriptions (cont.)
Common X-ray optics (cont.)
Attenuators
(WBS )
Requirements
Minimize wavefront distortion
Withstand full FEL flux
108 attenuation at 8.3 keV*
104 attenuation at 24.9 keV
At least 3 steps per decade
Pulse picker
(WBS )
Requirements
< 3 ms switching time
Reduce rep rate < 10 Hz operation*
Not preferred for > 10 Hz continuous operation, FEL rep rate reduction will be used
Withstand full LCLS FEL flux
Requiring 100 mm Si3N4 to protect the steel blade
*DCO key performance parameters

18. Component Descriptions (cont.)
Common optics (cont.)
Harmonic rejection mirrors
(WBS )
Requirements
Energy range btw keV
104 contrast ratio between fundamental and the 3rd harmonic, 106 overall
80% overall throughput for the fundamental
Minimize wavefront distortion
Withstand full FEL flux
Offset monochromator
(WBS )
Requirements
Large 600 mm offset
6-25 keV energy range
Continuously tunable
10% positional stability (of beam size)
Double-crystal geometry
Attenuation used if necessary

19. DCO Deliverables Phased deliverables CD-4A CD-4B CD-4C XPP CXI XCS
Pop-In Profile Monitor
Pop-In Intensity Monitor
Intensity-Position Monitor
Slits System
Pulse Picker
Attenuators
Harmonic Rejection Mirrors
X-Ray Focusing Lenses
CXI
Wavefront Monitor
XCS
Offset Monochromator

20. DCO Schedule
WBS 1.5 schedule developed to ensure that instruments’ milestones are met on time
Preliminary design reviews
Pop-In Profile Monitor Q4 FY08
Pop-In Intensity Monitor Q4 FY08
Pulse Picker Q4 FY08
Slits System Q1 FY09
Intensity-Position Monitor Q1 FY09
X-ray Focusing Lens Q2 FY09
Attenuators Q3 FY09
Harmonic Rejection Mirrors Q4 FY09
Wavefront Monitor Q1 FY10
Offset Monochromator Q2 FY10
Final design reviews
Pulse Picker Q1 FY09
Intensity-Position Monitor Q2 FY09
Pop-In Profile Monitor Q2 FY09
Pop-In Intensity Monitor Q3 FY09
X-ray Focusing Lens Q3 FY09
Attenuators Q4 FY09
Harmonic Rejection Mirrors Q1 FY10
Wavefront Monitor Q2 FY10
Installation complete
CD-4A Installation complete Q1 FY11
CD-4B Installation complete Q3 FY11
CD-4C Installation complete Q3 FY12
FY08
FY09
FY10
FY11
FY12
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21. DCO Cost Baseline
Labor & non-labor (M&S, etc.)
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22. DCO Cost Baseline (cont.)
Level-3/4 cost breakdown
Diagnostics
– Common optics

23. DCO Major Risks Offset monochromator Mechanical stability not met
Required to maintain position stability to 10% of beam size
Mitigation
Ensure requirements are clearly stated and agreed prior to award and fabrication
Implement a stringent vendor selection process
Implement regular visits to vendor
Implement frequent and measurable status reports
Maintain constant communication with the vendor prior to and during design and fabrication
Linac-to-Undulator
(227m)
Undulator Hall (175m)
Near Expt. Hall
X-ray Transport
(230m)
Far Expt. Hall
60 mm
1.1 mrad
220 mm
490 mm
Mono location
Rayleigh Length
200 m
54 m
XPP m
Source to Sample 1.5 Å
XCS m
CXI m

24. 6-Month Look-ahead Major milestones Preliminary design reviews
Q4FY08 – PDR Pop-in profile monitor
Q4FY08 – PDR Pop-in intensity monitor
Q4FY08 – PDR Pulse picker
Q1FY09 – PDR Intensity-position monitor
Q1FY09 – PDR Slits system
Final design reviews
Q1FY09 – FDR Slits system
Q1FY09 – FDR Pulse picker

25. Summary
Diagnostics and common optics help support LUSI instruments to fulfill CD-0 mission in a wide variety of cutting edge research capabilities
Diagnostic & optical components concepts are based on proven developments made at SPPS, FLASH, and SR sources
Safety hazards have been identified in Hazard Analysis Report (HAR)
Safety issues are considered at every step of design and fabrication process
Scope of DCO components for XPP, CXI, and XCS instruments fully defined
Resource loaded schedule developed through end of project
Preliminary designs of key components are well advanced
DCO and LUSI are ready for CD-2 approval
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