1. Poetry Unit
Ms. Holmes
English III

2. Defining Poetry
A type of rhythmic compressed language that uses figures of speech and imagery to appeal to the reader's emotions and imagination
"Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings." - William Wordsworth
Prose – everything that is not poetry

3. Poetry Terms Theme – central message Tone – the attitude of a poem
Can be harsh, bitter, gentle, humorous, sober, or comical
Mood – the emotional quality a poem evokes in a reader
Irony - the difference between expectation and reality
Allusion – a reference to something else in a piece of literature including but not limited to:
mythology, pop culture, the Bible, other literature, history, science, business, etc.

4. Types of poems Narrative Lyric
Ballad – song (or poem) that tells a story
Epic – a long story which relates the great deeds of a larger than life hero
Lyric
Ode – a poem in praise to something else
Sonnet – 14 line poem
Petrarchan / Italian – 8 line stanza + 6 line stanza
Shakespearean / Elizabethan – 3 quatrains (4 lines each) + a couplet (2 lines)

5. Figurative Language Metaphor – direct comparison
Extended metaphor – a comparison that continues for several lines (possibly the whole poem)
Simile – comparison using "like" or "as"
Personification – giving a non-human thing human characteristics
Symbol – represents something beyond itself
Paradox – a statement that seems contradictory but actually presents a truth

6. Poetry vs. Prose Similarities Differences Theme Tone Mood
Other literary elements such as irony, allusion, etc.
Differences
Structure
Turn to pg. 644

7. Richard Cory Theme? Tone? Mood?
What is the idea about life the speaker is discussing?
Tone?
What is the tone of the speakers' towards Richard?
Mood?
What is the atmosphere surrounding this poem?
How is this poem structured differently than a traditional short story?

8. How many stanzas and lines are in "Richard Cory"?
What type of poem is it?

9. The Courage My Mother Had
Theme? Tone? Mood?
What two things are being compared in stanza one? Explain how they are being compared.
What two things are being compared in stanza three? Explain how they are being compared.
How is courage personified in this poem?
What does New England symbolize to the speaker?

10. Irony "Richard Bone" by Edgar Lee Masters (pg. 647)
What is the irony shown in the poem?

11. Paradox "The Brain – Is wider than the Sky –" By Emily Dickinson
Pg. 415 in the literature book

12. "The Brain – is wider than the sky –"
Find 2 examples of a paradox in the poem.
For each one, explain the paradox and illustrate it.
Example:
The brain is wider than the sky.
While in size the brain is much smaller than the sky, it is also larger because it presumably could hold all knowledge including that of the sky.

13. Allusion Complete the Allusion Practice Sheet in the packet.
Refer to your notes on allusions to help you answer the questions.

14. Allusions "I Hear America Singing" by Walt Whitman (pg. 435)
"I, too" by Langston Hughes (pg. 904)
Theme? Tone? Mood?
Figurative Language?
What is the allusion present in the poem?
Why is the allusion significant?
Write one paragraph in which you show the connection between the two poems as well as how the allusion is significant to American culture.

15. Sound Devices
Repetition – repeating sounds, words, or phrases in a poem
Alliteration – repetition of consonant sounds
Assonance – repetition of vowel sounds
Rhyme – repetition of vowel sounds and all sounds following (mend, send)
Rhythm – musical quality produced by repetition
Onomatopoeia – sounds that echo their sense (boom, bang, zing, pop, buzz, etc.)

16. Rhyme End Rhyme – words at the end of the line rhyme
Internal Rhyme – words within one line rhyme
Exact Rhyme – the vowel and consonant sounds are exact (mend, send)
Slant Rhyme – similar but not exact sounds (might also be called slight rhyme (gill, sell)

17. Explicating poetry Another word for explicating is annotating.
Explicating helps the reader understand the poem.
I am going to give you an example.
Robert Frost's "Once by the Pacific"

18. "Once by the Pacific
•The shattered water made a misty din. Great waves looked over others coming in, And thought of doing something to the shore That water never did to land before.
The clouds were low and hairy in the skies, Like locks blown forward in the gleam of eyes. You could not tell, and yet it looked as if The shore was lucky in being backed by cliff,
The cliff in being backed by continent; It looked as if a night of dark intent Was coming, and not only a night, an age. Someone had better be prepared for rage.
There would be more than ocean-water broken Before God's last Put out the light was spoken.

19. Maggie and milly and molly and may
Explicate the poem.
Find examples of each type of rhyme.
Where in the poem would you find alliteration?
Metaphor? Simile? Personification?
What does the sea symbolize?

20. Maggie and Milly and Molly and May
went down to the beach (to play one day)
and maggie discovered a shell that sang
so sweetly she couldn't remember her troubles, and
milly befriended a stranded star
Whose rays five languid features were;
and molly was chased by a horrible thing
which raced sideways while blowing bubbles: and
may come home with a smooth round stone
as small as a world and as large as alone
for whatever we lose (like a you or a me)
it's always ourselves we find in the sea

21. Poetry Project!

22. Poetry Project You will join with a group.
Your group will be analyzing a poem as well as doing some research,
You will create a poster and present your poem to the class.

23. Analyzing Your Poem
Every poem will look for the common elements of theme, tone, and mood.
They will also identify the type of poem it is and write a short opinion about the poem.
Then you will look for the individualized elements like figurative language, sound devices, and other literary elements.
This will be half of the poster (including a copy of the poem which I will provide).

24. The Author
You will research questions about your author (provided on your sheet).
You can list the answers in a list. You do not have to write them like a research paper.
You may include a picture of your author, but it should not take up too much space, and you are responsible for bringing it in to class.
This is one quarter of the poster.

25. The Song
You will chose a song that has the same theme as the poem you have.
You will need a school-appropriate copy of the lyrics.
You will explain how the themes are the same as well as analyze it for any other poetic devices.
This is one quarter of the poster.

26. What you need to work on... Finish analyzing your poem.
Finish your research.
Find your song
I can print it if you it to me.
Begin work on your poster.
I have to approve what you have before you begin,
I have a copy of your poem for when you are ready.

27. Another Element
Poetry is beautiful, so your poster needs to be beautiful.
You need to decorate your poster using elements of your poem. This could include
A border around the poster
A picture
A color scheme
Other elements you think of
This is not the focus of your poster, but it should add a decorative element to the finished project.

28. Presenting Talk about the author first. Read the poem out loud.
Explain the analysis.
Explain the connection between the song and the poem.
Each person should have an equal part in the presentation as 25% of your grade is individual and based on what you say during the presentation.