1. Consequences of the War in the 20th and 21st Centuries
Readings: Smith, et al., , , ,

2. Versailles Treaty
Really five separate treaties but can think of them as Versailles Treaty
Two approaches:
Woodrow Wilson
Georges Clemenceau (French Premier)

3. Woodrow Wilson’s Approach
Fourteen Points
Guide to future peace
Open covenants of peace; openly arrived at
“National Self-Determination”
League of Nations
“The Peace to End All War”

4. Georges Clemenceau’s Approach
Punish Germany
Blamed Germany for the war
Disarm Germany
Demilitarize the Rhineland
Create buffer states in Eastern Europe
Make Germany pay for the war (“war reparations”)

5. Results of the Versailles Conference
Wilson got the League of Nations (but neither Germany nor USSR were in it)—US Senate vetoed entire Versailles Treaty.
Punish Germany:
Germany blamed for war
No Army
Alsace-Lorraine to France
Rhineland demilitarized
No Armaments Industry
Germany pays for War and Reparations (5 billion +)

6. National Self-Determination
Eastern Europe
Austria-Hungary is dismantled
Austria becomes small country
Czechoslovakia
Yugoslavia
Poland
Treaty of Trianon
Hungary becomes a very small state, losing much territory and a majority of the Hungarians
Romania (including large populations of Hungarians)

7. Middle East After Settlements
British Role:
Arab Revolts (Lawrence of Arabia)
Balfour Declaration
French Role:
Got Involved in Palestinian struggles to prevent British from getting all Middle East as new colonies

8. Middle Eastern Settlement

9. Treaty of Sevres, August 10, 1920
Mandates (another name for colonies to please President Wilson)
Jordon—mandate to British
Palestine—to British
Syria and Lebanon— French
Hijaz (Arab) independent

11. Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk)

15. Consequences of “Peace to End All War”
World War II
Arab-Israeli Conflict
Iraq-Iran War
Persian Gulf War
Bosnia, Kosovo, Serbian crisis
Al Queda – 9/11
Iraq War

16. Other Consequences Ho Chi Minh – Vietnam War
May 4th Movement – Chinese Communism