1. Aim: How has NATIONALISM been a source of UNITY?
German + Italian Unification

2. Nationalism: Feeling of strong loyalty and pride to one’s country and culture.
*Can be a force for UNITY (Italy/Germany)
or DIVISION (Ottomans)

5. Bismarck Unites Germany
Otto Von Bismarck
“BLOOD AND IRON” Policy used to unite German states under Prussian rule.
Militarism
1) Glorifying Military
2) Using military as a means (method) of achieving national goals
3) Fought wars for UNIFICATION and POWER
Realpolitik
1) Realistic Politics – Strengthen military and economy
2) Economic Strengths: Industry, Resources, Workforce
3) “The End Justifies the Means”

6. Otto Von Bismarck “The Iron Chancellor”
NATIONALISTIC GOALS
1) UNIFICATION and POWER for Germany
2) The STATE is more important than the INDIVIDUAL
3) Foreign Allies: Build links to Austria and Russia, Keep France Weak (Why?)
Enemies
Catholic Church (1/3 of German Population)
Socialists (What is Socialism?)
Both Backfired  Led to Social Reform and Laws to Protect Workers

8. Austro-Prussian War

9. Franco Prussian War

13. Otto Von Bismarck – “Blood and Iron”
Abdicate: Resign a position, formally give up.
Advocate: To help/assist, be a voice for
Parliament: Assembly of representatives that makes laws
Dictatorship: Government led by a single ruler, Authoritarian or totalitarian.
Opposed: To act against, provide resistance
Perish: Die because of harsh conditions, disappear.

14. Directions for Primary Source Analsysis
Answer each question in complete sentences.
Underline the segment of the document you found the answer and label it in the margin with the question #.
i.e.:
Who was king of Germany? William was the King of Germany.
TEXT:
I was received by King William on September 22, #1

15. Italian Nationalism Risorgimento - Italian Nationalist Movement
Guisseppe Mazzini (The Soul)
1) Founded Young Italy
2) Beginning of Nationalism in Italy
Count Camillo Cavour (The Brains)
Realpolitik (Like Bismarck): Economy and Army
Giuseppe Garibaldi (The Sword)
“Red Shirts”(Militant Group)  Took over Sicily

18. King Victor Emmanuel

19. Giuseppe Mazzini GOAL “To Constitute Italy, One, Free, Independent, Republican Nation”

20. Count Camillo Cavour

21. Giuseppe Garibaldi “Red Shirts”

26. ECONOMIC CHANGES
1) Improved Agriculture
2) Free Trade Between States
3) Industrialization -Large Workforce
SOCIAL CHANGES
1) Emigration – Movement away from homeland
2) Improved Social Conditions, Working Conditions and Education
3) Increased Suffrage – Right to Vote

27. Aim: How has NATIONALISM been a source of DIVISION?
Ottoman Empire

28. Ottoman History 1) Took Over Byzantine Empire in 1453
Capital City – Istanbul (Constantinople)
2) Religion – Islam
Hagia Sophia – Church Mosque
3) Famous Leader – Suleyman

29. Ottoman Problems 1) Multinational Empire 2) Weak Leaders
Balkans – Nationalist Revolutions
2) Weak Leaders
3) Conflict with Europeans (Crimean War)
Europeans want the Strategic Location
4) Failed Attempts at Reform

30. Ottoman Nationalist Movements
Ottomans lost control of territories due to nationalistic rivalries and ethnic tensions:
Romania, Bosnia, Montenegro, Cyprus, Herzgovina, Bulgaria, Greece
Ottomans are overthrown because of feelings of NATIONALISM

31. Ottoman Reforms - Ataturk
MUSTAFA KEMAL ATATURK – “Father of the Turks”
A great reformer/westernizer/modernizer
Similar to (Emperor Meiji, Peter the Great)
1) Political Reforms: Declared Turkey a REPUBLIC and granted FREEDOM OF RELIGION (A secular state – NOT RELIGIOUS), ***European legal code (no Islamic law)
2) Social Reforms: Schools for all, Equality for women
3) Nationalism: Brought in western ideas, culture, technology to make Turkey a powerful MODERN state.

34. Nationalist Leaders Thematic Essay Unification of Italy and Germany

35. Choose TWO Nationalist Leaders and:
Identify the nation or region where the individual led a nationalist movement.
Describe the historical background leading up to that nationalist movement
Discuss how the actions of the specific nationalist leader have influenced the region/nation in which the movement took place.

36. Prussia was divided into many kingdoms.
National Leader
Nation
Historical Background
Influence on Region
Otto Von Bismarck
Germany
Prussia was divided into many kingdoms.
King Wilhelm wanted to unite Prussia
Legislature did not support unification efforts.
Pope and Austria wanted to keep Germany weak.
Wilhelm appoints Bismarck as Prime Minister
“Blood and Iron” – Militarism increased $ on military to achieve national goals.
Realpolitik – Realistic politics aimed at economic growth and military strength.
People were united based on a common language, history and traditions. Nationalism increased.
GERMANY IS UNITED

37. Italy is divided into many states.
National Leader
Nation
Historical Background
Influence on Region
Mazzini, Cavour , Garibaldi
Italy
Italy is divided into many states.
Napoleon invades and rules.
Austria and France own pieces of Italy.
Pope has control over Rome.
All want Italy to remain divided.
Increased NATIONALISM in Italy.
Realpolitik (Cavour): Industrialization and Free Trade between.
People were united based on a common language, history and traditions. Nationalism increased.
ITALY IS UNITED