1. Nationalism and its effects on Austria Hungary and the Ottoman Empire

2. Nationalism Values Loyalty to nation of people
Feeling of patriotism amongst a group of people (often of similar culture/nationality)
Extreme: Feeling of superiority over other countries
Values
Loyalty to nation of people
Nation of common culture
Political independence
Less loyalty to
Reigning government/ king
Conservative (opposition)
Led to
Destruction of traditional empires
Rise of new nation states

3. Austria Hapsburg family controls since early 1800’s
Metternich, foreign minister, works with Emperor Franz I to maintain Empire
Metternich works to stop revolutions
Carlsbad Decrees
Prohibits reforms that conflict with monarchy
Censor newspapers
Create secret police force/spies
Formed alliances

4. Turmoil in Austria
French, German and Italian revolutions inspire revolts in Austrian Empire
Empire filled with variety of nationalities: people want independence
Protestors take to streets
Emperor Ferdinand asks Metternich to resign
Emperor abdicates
Throne goes to nephew Franz Joseph I
Joseph faces unstable empire
Hungarian Magyans rebelled
Czar Nicholas sends troops to help
Franz Joseph revoke new reforms and constitution

5. The Dual Monarchy 2 Separate, equal states
Nationalism continues in Europe
Austria loses land/battles/wars
Province of Lombardy to Italy
Loses war to Prussia
Compromise of 1867 creates dual monarchy: Austria-Hungary
2 Separate, equal states
Franz Joseph I: Emperor (Austria) and King (Hungary)
Each has own parliament and contributes goods
(Austria- manufacturing; Hungary-farming)
Share ministries of war, finance, and foreign affairs

7. The Eastern Question
The Ottoman Empire: Long tradition/Rule; multiethnic territory
Decline: can’t defend itself against independence and external threats
Greece independence (1830)
Russia controls certain territory, grants self-rule
European powers wonder: “What would happen if the Ottoman Empire collapsed?”
Countries want access to Mediterranean
Buffer zone for European Powers (Britain/France)

8. Ottoman Troubles 1850’s Dispute over Holy Land
Ottoman control region (Palestine)
Gave region to Roman Catholics
Deny access to Orthodox Christians
Russia Invade Ottoman Territories
Britain/France
See as threat to interest
Join Ottoman Empire in alliance

9. The Crimean War 2 years, stalemate Accomplishes almost nothing
Deaths result of disease,
crowded, filthy field hospitals
British Nurse Florence Nightingale: saves lives during Crimean War

10. The Balkans Area filled with diverse ethnic groups
Nationalism across Europe reaches; groups want independence
Europeans countries have own agendas
Leads to series of conflicts and wars in late 1800s - early 1900s
Russia sees Balkans as route to Mediterranean
Involved in several conflicts
British/France look after own regions, support both sides