1. Ch 5: Mexican Revolution Part II

2. OBJECTIVE
Students will gather information on events in the years of Mexico’s infancy that influenced Mexico’s Revolution and be able to analyze why Mexico rebelled against its government.
DO NOW: What 3 European countries was Mexico in debt to, and which of the three did they end up going to battle with because they could not negotiate a payment plant with?

3. Flores-Magon Brothers
Jesus, Richardo & Enrique = Published articles criticizing Diaz, and called for liberal movement to select new leaders.
Jailed by Diaz the brothers escaped to the US * Cont’d to write against Diaz in San Antonio TX but would smuggle their articles into Mexico.

4. Francisco Madero
Family Hacienda: made sure the peones were well attended.
Financially supported the Flores-Magon brothers , and together they would bring the “Porfirato” to an end.
Madero looked for a political revolution: began to tour Mexico speaking against Diaz.
Offered himself as candidate for President in 1910, Diaz did the same.
Madero’s candidacy came to end, arrested by Diaz.
On election day Madero is in Jail = San Luis Potosi
DIAZ WON THE ELECTION

5. OBJECTIVE
Students will gather information on events in the years of Mexico’s infancy that influenced Mexico’s Revolution and be able to analyze why Mexico rebelled against its government.
DO NOW: What European country did Mexico fight in the famous battle called Cinco de Mayo and why?

6. Revolts
Early 1900’s we seen the start of employees going on strike: mines & textile plants : a START of revolt
Madero escaped jail went to US= wrote the Plan of San Luis Potosi => called for armed revolt against Diaz and declared him temporary President until real elections were held.
DATE: November 20, 1910 set the date for the rebellion
Uprising = Pascual Orozco & Doroteo Arango (aka Pancho Villa) in Chihuahua and Emiliano Zapata in Morelos
* May 25th 1911: Diaz resigned to Madero and went to France = Madero welcomed into Mexico City as a HERO! Became President

7. Emiliano Zapata
Zapata did not trust Madero. Zapata took over ejido lands and started to give back to the peones. Zapata seen returning the land as a true meaning to have had a revolt against Diaz * Madero asked Zapata to stop that things had to be done legally and to lay down arms.
General Victoriano Huerta sent to Morelos to make sure Zapata laid down arms: did not go well and fighting broke out
Zapata would continue to fight = wanted land for his people

8. Madero Presidency
Madero moved to slowly to the requests of his people * no descendants of the Spanish conquistadores * wanted foreigners (“gringos”) out of Mexico * lands to be restored
Madero caught between: could not satisfy the rich or men like Zapata
Generals started to declare revolt against Madero * Victoriano Huerta & Felix Diaz (Porfirio’s nephew) plotted against Madero: battle of 10 days in Mexico City = Madero forced to resign, was later killed : believed by Huerta
Huerta betrayed Felix Diaz = named himself President

9. OBJECTIVE
Students will gather information on events in the years of Mexico’s infancy that influenced Mexico’s Revolution and be able to analyze why Mexico rebelled against its government.
DO NOW: Who was Madero and what was he not able to accomplish?

10. Huerta Dictatorship
Rebellions broke out throughout Mexico when word got out about Huerta overthrowing Madero.
Venustiano Carranza ( supporter of Madero) formed the Constitutionalist Party. Joined by: * Pancho Villa & Alvaro Obregon * Zapata did not trust Carranza but opposed Huerta so fought against Huerta

11. Villa & Zapata
Villa = Chihuahua * returned land to the peasants * cleaned the streets * built schools * built health clinics * printed his own money
Zapata did similar to Villa just in Morelos
Mexican Revolt: estimated 1 million Mexican’s lost their lives (many civilians) * 10% Mexico Pop. fled to US to escape bloodshed

12. US Involvement
Germany supported Huerta: tried to get him to join WWI => promised them the return of Mexico’s lost northwestern territory from the US.
US learns of German ships heading to the Vera Cruz port of Mexico * US sends in Marines
While Huerta worried about US troops, Zapata, Obregon, Carranza and Villa take advantage of the situation
Huerta surrendered in 1914 when surrounded in Mexico City by Villa
Carranza looked to lead and Obregon supported him, but Villa & Zapata did not
Carranza & Obregon went to Vera Cruz = no stand off with Villa or Zapata * US troops turned over Vera Cruz to Carranza

13. Villa & Zapata Meet
Xochimilco: both leaders come face to face, neither of them care to become President. Both returned to their homes.

14. OBJECTIVE
Students will gather information on events in the years of Mexico’s infancy that influenced Mexico’s Revolution and be able to analyze why Mexico rebelled against its government.
DO NOW: Why was US worried that Huerta was talking to Germany. What was going in the US at this time?

15. Carranza vs Villa Carranza & Obregon => plot to defeat Villa
Bloodiest Battle of Revolution = Celaya Obregon : used European tactics= barbed wire, trenches & machine guns Villa: retreated to Chihuahua
US recognizes Carranza as President, Villa becomes furious => Villa invades US (bank robbery) , so US President Wilson send troops to find & kill Villa = NEVER FOUND

16. Carranza = Mexican Constitution 1917
Church loses power = no more church schools, no more church owning lands = all would become public land
Min. Wage set in place
Child labor law = forbidding child labor
6 year Presidential terms and no re-elections
Ejido lands => to the Indians
Foreigners prohibited from owning land/property in Mexico
ALL “subsoil wealth” (oil, natural gas, minerals) property of Mexico
CARRANZA PRESIDENT: IGNORED NEW LAWS & UNABLE TO MAINTAIN ORDER
Zapata kept on fighting against Carranza * Zapata soon killed by Carranza men in 1919

17. End of Revolution
Carranza put in someone he could control * Revolt broke out: Alvaro Obregon came out of retirement with Adolfo de la Huerta they marched to Mexico City
Carranza escaped capital but later shot
Obregon then became President: the bloody revolution ended and Mexico now looked to heal its wounds => another 20 yeas before the Constitution of 1917 ideas would be realized

18. Mexico’s Pride in Indian heritage & culture
Great mural painters began to decorate buildings with native Mexican scenes * Orozco * Siqueiros * Diego Rivera

19. President Lazaro Cardenas
Tarascan Indian / Revolutionary fighter as a boy moved up to rank to General
Election 1934 => he would be unlike most other Mexican Presidents
He traveled = rural poor , listened to their problems, and acted to realize the revolutions dreams
He spent $$$ on education for the poor
Rural schools built
Acted on land reform
50 million acres redistributed
PEMEX = Petroleos Mexicanos all became property of Mexico