1. Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution (1763-1775)

2. Is a revolution justified or is it treason?

3. Essential Questions For Ch. 7
Why would someone choose not to be a part of their government?
How would they go about leaving?
What are the pros and cons?

4. Today’s Things to Know
What were the similarities and differences between the colonists and their English counterparts?
Was England’s mercantilist policies a help or hindrance to the American colonies?

5. How were the colonists different from their English counterparts?
Very little hierarchy
Property ownership
Political participation
Social Status Supreme
Property limited to the wealthy
Parliament and King controlled affairs
Why was there such a difference?

7. Result of Differences Distance weakened authority
Republicanism developed
citizens give up self interests for the common good.
Opposed to hierarchical and authoritarian institutions

8. What were some commonalities?
Common culture (although quickly changing)
Radical Whigs in England
Made attacks on use of patronage and bribes by king’s ministers
Warned citizens to be on guard for possible corruption.

9. Why hold on? Money is Power! Expand Empire!
How did England gain their money?

10. Mercantilism Mercantilism – wealth is power Navigation law of 1650
Measured by silver and gold
Must export more than import
Navigation law of 1650
All goods must be transported on British ships
Enumerated articles could be exported only to England
Currency shortage
Colonists bought more than they sold to Britain
Barter and trade
Paper money – led to depreciation

11. Early enforcements Navigation Laws (1763) Sugar Act of 1764
British trade only
Sugar Act of 1764
Molasses Act 1733
3 pence tax on sugar and molasses
Quartering Act of 1765
Required colonies to provide food and housing to British troops

12. The Stamp Act 1765 George Greenville: Author of the Stamp Act
King George III

13. Stamp Act
legal documents, permits, commercial contracts, newspapers, wills, pamphlets, and playing cards in the colonies required to carry a tax stamp.
“No taxation, without representation!”

14. Stamp Act Congress 9 colonies met in NYC
14 point declaration of rights and grievances formulated by John Dickinson
Pledged loyalty to the king

15. Other Reactions to the Stamp Act
Publications
Andrew Oliver and Hutchinson effigies hung
Destroyed property of tax collectors
No one to enforce it, when it became law
Government offices shut down
Boycott on British Goods

16. Son’s of Liberty

17. Sons of Liberty Existed in every colony Mainly workers and tradesmen
Samuel Adams: head of Boston Chapter
Mainly workers and tradesmen
Boston Gazette spread news and opinion
Main objective to get stamp collectors to resign
Enforcement of Non-Importation agreements

18. Samuel Adams Organizer of the Committees of Correspondence
Movement toward independence
Led the reaction to the Stamp Act and Boston Tea Party
Served in both Continental Congresses
Too much of an agitator to be a good politician

19. British Reaction Repealed the Stamp Act in 1766
Passed the Declaratory Act in 1766
Stated Parliament had the right to make all laws for the colonies
Predecessor for future acts
“By one Act they have suspended the powers of one American legislature, & by another have declared they may legislate for us themselves in all cases whatsoever.  These two acts alone form a basis broad enough whereon to erect a despotism of unlimited extent.” Thomas Jefferson

20. The Townshend Acts (1767) Sponsored by Charles Townshend
Import duties on glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea.
Protested with petitions, boycotting, and tar and feathering
All but tea tax repealed in 1770

21. Boston Massacre Started because of the failure to pay taxes
Townspeople threw snowballs
A struck private fired into the crowd
11 injured and 5 killed
British removed from Boston
Crispus Attucks

23. Tea Monopoly and Boston Tea Party
Monopoly given to failing EIC
Ships not able to enter the bay, most turned away
Hutchinson would not allow ship to leave Boston until unloaded
Sons of Liberty, dressed as Indians, led attack on ship, dumping 45 tons of tea

24. Boston Tea Party

25. Britain Responds
Prime Minister Lord North, author of the Boston Port Bill, forces the ”Intolerable Acts,” or tea, down the throat of America, a vulnerable Indian woman whose arms are restrained by Lord Chief Justice Mansfield, while Lord Sandwich, a notorious womanizer, pins down her feet and peers up her skirt. Behind them, Mother Britannia weeps helplessly. This British cartoon was quickly copied and distributed by Paul Revere

26. Intolerable Acts
Boston Port Act – closed Boston Harbor until dumped tea was paid for
Massachusetts Government Act – revoked charter and forbid town meetings
Quartering Act – required colonists to provide housing for soldiers
Quebec Act – expanded territory
No representative government
Restored French law
Allowed practice of Catholicism

27. Reaction to the intolerable acts
First Continental Congress in 1774
Declaration of Rights
Only Georgia missing
Creation of the Association: complete non-importation and non-consumption
Violent to resisters

28. Lexington & Concord First military engagement (April 19th,1775)
British given orders to capture and destroy supplies
Wanted to capture Sam Adams and Hancock
Stocks and men both moved location
700 British led by Thomas Gage defeated 75 minutemen at Lexington and forced them to Concord
Minutemen were warned and defeated Redcoats at Concord and forced them back to Boston

29. Thomas GAGE and Francis smith

31. Battle of Lexington

32. British army enters Concord