1. Decline of Austrian Influence 1815 to 1866
Key Individuals
By Simo Bentaleb

2. List of Key Individuals
Metternich
Pope Pius
Bismarck
Lajos Kossuth
Wilhelm I
Mazzini

3. Metternich (1815 – 1848) Ruled with an iron hand Anti-liberal
Indirect + direct influence over many of the Italian states
Example : Secret Police , Censorship , Karlsbad Decrees , Six Articles.

4. Pope Pius Elected in 1846 Promoted Liberalism
Proposed legal and judicial reforms
Suggested an Italian customs Union
Granted three major reforms:
 freedom of the press (led to independent free-thinking journals)
 setting up of a Consulta
 appointment of a civic guard.
Most of his reforms opposed Metternich anti-liberalism.

5. Bismarck Prussian Prime minister from 1862 – 1871
Rejects Austrian proposal to reform the German Confederation
Convinces Wilhelm I to attend Austrian-sponsored Congress of German Princes
Defeated Austria in the Austro-Prussian war of 1866
Treaty of Prague expelled Austria from the German Confederation
Excluded Austria from any German affairs

6. Lajos Kossuth (1830 – 1840) Promoted nationalism and liberalism
Called for an independent Hungarian Parliament
Sought for freedom of speech
Believed that Hungary was being exploited by Austria
Wanted tariffs for all the goods entering Hungary to encourage its economic growth

7. Wilhelm I King of Prussia from 1861 to 1871 Approved Bismarck actions
Approved military reforms ( helped increase Prussia’s hegemony throughout Europe to oppose Austria for political freedom)