1. Archetypes
Archetypes are recurring symbols, characters, patterns, and settings that give literature its unity. In other words, they are the basic patterns that occur repeatedly in literature of all ages.

2. Archetypal Characters
Alter-ego
Helpful animal
Earth Mother
Wise Old Man
Temptress
Hero
Anti-Hero
Innocent
Scapegoat/Sacrificial Victim
Trickster
Villain
Transgressor
Destroyer
Handsome Prince
Helpless Princess

3. Hero: Usually portrayed as larger than life, the hero has outstanding qualities and abilities and upholds the values of his culture or society
Examples:
Santiago
Harry Potter

4. Anti-Hero: This character may try to uphold heroic qualities, but actually does not. The anti-hero usually turns out to be a loser.
The Englishman

5. Alter-Ego or Double: Split personalities or opposite tendencies within an individual
The Crystal Merchant
Severus Snape

6. Supernatural Helper or Helpful Animal: Any animal/force that usually appears when the hero cannot see a way out of his dilemma
Dobby
Hawks
Kreacher
Scarab Beetle

7. Wise old man: eternal provider, protecting, nourishing, sheltering, and nurturing
Albus Dumbledore
Melchizidek

8. Temptress: A woman, who, through her power, can make a strong man weak and a wise man foolish. She can be an immoral temptress(does so on purpose) or amoral temptress (Unintentionally tempts the hero)
Ginny Weasley
Fatima

9. Innocent: A child or naïve and inexperienced man or woman who is exposed to the evils of the world. The character usually moves from innocence to experience and knowledge

10. Scapegoat or sacrificial victim: one who suffers or is blamed unjustly in order for others to escape blame or punishment
Harry Potter
Santiago

11. Trickster: the character who, through superior wit or cunning, can deceive and manipulate those who seemingly have greater strength or authority
Fortune Teller
Fred and George Weasley
Thief

12. Transgressor: Pushes the limits of human knowledge and often angers “the Gods”
Voldemort
The Alchemist

13. Destroyer: Destroys for destruction’s sake; enjoys evil
Bellatrix LeStrange

14. Villain: an evil character who attempts to destroy the hero
Thieves at the Pyramids
Voldemort

15. Helpless princess: woman (usually beautiful) in need of a hero to save her from death, evil adversaries, or other danger

16. Handsome prince: Serves as a hero to a princess or kingdom

17. Archetypal Settings

18. Caves, Tunnels, Pools of water: symbols of descent into the unconscious or the inner self
The Pensieve
Where Godric Gryffindor’s Sword
Is hidden
Voldemort’s Cave

19. Countryside: Associated with healing and goodness
The Burrow
Santiago’s Pastureland

20. Garden: ordered and controlled environment that is usually safe, happy, and nurturing
The Oasis

21. Mountains and Peaks: symbols of the quest for spiritual self and personal achievement
The Pyramids

22. River: on-flowing time or life, eternal change, destiny

23. Islands and ships at sea: Symbolize spiritual and psychological isolation or exile
The Island in Voldemort’s Cave
The Desert

24. Archetypal themes and patterns of existence
Initiation
Santiago must sell his sheep
Harry Potter must leave Hogwarts to search for Horcruxes
Journey, Search, or Quest
Santiago looks for treasure
Harry looks for Horcruxes
Transformation
Santiago discovers the meaning of (and location of) true treasure
Harry Potter accepts his fate for the good of the wizarding world