1. Northern Transatlantic Economy and Society 1815-1914
25.0 | As stated

2. 19th Century Urban Population
Factory workers and urbanization
Proletarianization = wage economy; no control over means of production
USA argued slave labor negated wage repression
Women
High demand in domestic industries
Worked on top of domestic “duties”
Suffrage movement [early 20th century]
Political feminism as byproduct of social efficacy

3. European Urbanization
c. 494%
1850
1880
1914
Berlin
419,000
1,122,000
2,071,000
Birmingham
233,000
437,000
840,000
Frankfurt
65,000
137,000
415,000
London
2,685,000
4,470,000
7,256,000
Madrid
281,000
398,000
600,000
Paris
1,053,000
2,269,000
2,888,000
Vienna
444,000
1,104,000
2,031,000
c. 457%
c. 638%

4. New Political/Social Ideologies
Marxist critique of capitalism 1848
Karl Marx: Bourgeoisie exploitation of labor
Capitalism hurts more than it helps
Communism: society controls the means of production, not businesses
German Social Democrats 1875
Opposed Bismarck’s militaristic state
Wilhelm I’s administration passes state-sponsored health care, insurance, and disability aid to wean SPD’s influence
British Labour Party
Fabianism [c. 1884] and gradual social change in society [Quintus Fabius Maximus Verrucosus]

5. Russian Bolshevism Uhh? The Romanov Dynasty
Abolition of serfdom 1861
Communism and Vladimir Lenin [f. 1903]
Bolsheviks – “majority” [radical socialists]
Mensheviks – “minority” [moderate socialists]
Russo-Japanese War
Embarrassing loss
1905 Revolution [St. Petersburg]
The Duma [bicameral]
Issues with corruption
Rasputin and the Tsar

6. North American Industrialism
Follows European pattern around 1870
Little prejudice against trade and commerce as in Europe
New industrial elites rise and become political
Shortage of labor meant wages were high[er]
Immigration
America as “promise land” for good wages and cheap land
Unions emerged as in Europe, although these were segregated
Aggressive demands [Pullman Strike 1894 Chicago and Fed troops]
Unlike Europe, no legislation was passed [HC, insurance, et cetera]
Progressives v. Political Machines
Reform and regulation

7. Modern European Thought
Charles Darwin
The Origin of Species 1859 and Natural Selection
Social “Darwinism”
Physics
X-rays, radiation, atoms, electrons, et cetera
All became the focal point of the science
Morality [c. 1870]
Social upheaval changed perspective
Friedrich Nietzsche: Christianity and democracy promote mediocrity
Psychoanalysis
Sigmund Freud [f. 1897]: sexuality as primal human instinct/drive

8. Islam Europeans viewed Islam as incapable of science and new ideas
Jamal al-din Al-Afghani ( )
Theory on “600 year-younger” Islam
Islam divided on “Westernization”
Ottoman decline seen as sign of religious error
What happened?