1. Classifying Organisms
Classification Systems

2. Classification
Classification: a way to organize living things into similar groups.
Scientists use cell type, cell structure, and DNA to classify organisms.
Domains and Kingdoms are the broadest levels.

3. Classification Did King Phillip Come Over For Good Spaghetti? Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species

4. Classification
The three domains are Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya, determined by cell structures.
From here, domains are divided into 6 main kingdoms.
Bacteria  Bacteria
Archaea  Archaea
Eukarya  Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, and Protista

5. Classification
Scientists use a system known as binomial nomenclature to give organisms their scientific names.
This means “two names” and refers to an organism’s genus and species.
It was developed by Carolus Linnaeus.
The Genus and species are also italicized. The Genus will be capitalized, and the species will have all lowercase letters.

6. Dichotomous Keys
A dichotomous key is a chart with many choices that guide you to the name of the thing you want to identify.
It can be used with anything, living or nonliving, and can be made by anyone.

7. Classifying Organisms
Bacteria & Archaea

8. Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Bacteria
There are more bacteria than any other living thing.
Can be found anywhere.
Microscopic – very small
Live on and in other living organisms

9. Domain: Bacteria Kingdom: Bacteria
Can cause disease and pollution
Used to make foods, like yogurt
Healthy bacteria helps us digest food
Classified based on shape, size, how they get energy, and their oxygen use.

10. Domain: Archaea Kingdom: Archaea
Single-celled (unicellular)
Live in extreme conditions
Can live in water of high temps; some live using energy from ammonia and sulfur gas
Classified based on chemical structure/DNA

11. Classifying Organisms
Eukarya

12. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia
Usually multicellular
Consumers (cannot make food)
Usually divided into two main groups: vertebrates (with backbones) and invertebrates (without backbones).

13. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia
Vertebrates: only about 5% of animals.
Fish: live in water; use gills for oxygen
Amphibians: live part of their life in water and part on land; they have smooth skin
Reptiles: scaly skin; most live on land, some live in water.
Mammals: hair or fur covers body; drink milk from mother
Birds: most can fly; have feathers and wings.

14. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia

15. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia
Invertebrates: about 95% of animals
Sponges (Porifera), Jellyfish (Cnidarians), and Earthworms (Annelida) are very simple.
Mollusks: most have shells, but not all do; squid and octopi are examples
Echinoderms: live in salt water, body parts in multiples of 5; sea stars
Arthropods: segmented bodies; insects, crustaceans, etc.

16. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Animalia

17. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae
320,000 species
Multicellular
Get energy from sun (photosynthesis)
Classified based on structures and how they use their structures to live; also on how they reproduce.

18. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae
Some have vascular tissue to transport materials through the plant.
Other plants absorb materials from their surroundings.
Some plants use seeds in cones, others use seeds in fruit (flowers); some use spores.

19. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Fungi
Decomposers – feed on dead of decayed materials.
Yeasts, mushrooms, and mold are examples.
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Classified based on their size, shape, and how they reproduce.

20. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protists
Most diverse group in this domain.
Most are unicellular, but some live in colonies
Can take on characteristics of plants, animals, or fungi.
Plant-like use the sun for energy
Animal-like are able to move and capture prey
Fungus-like are decomposers

21. Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Protists
Some don’t move at all; those that move do so in a variety of ways, such as a whip-like tail (flagella) or cilia
Examples include Euglena, paramecium, amoeba, and algae.