1. Imperialism

2. Old vs. New Old Imperialism (1500-1750) New Imperialism (1870-1914)
Trading post empires
England, Portugal, Holland
Colonization of the Americas
New Imperialism ( )
Economic/political control (not content with trade)
Africa, Asia, China
Protectorate – places maintained their own governments but were still under the control of an imperial power

3. Motivation 1. Desire for military strength 2. A thirst for new markets
On the Importance of Sea Power
Power and Prestige
2. A thirst for new markets
New sources for raw materials (Africa)
New markets for manufactured goods (China)
3. A belief in cultural superiority
Social Darwinism – a natural ‘right’ to dominate weaker people
Europeans ‘most fit’ because of wealth, technology, etc.
“White Man’s Burden”
Missionary work to bring Christianity to ‘uncivilized’ peoples

4. Technological Advances
Steamships
Suez Canal
Submarine cables
Communication
Quinine
Prevention of Malaria
New weapons
New rifles, machine guns

5. Imperialism in Africa Otto von Bismarck (Germany) Consequences
1885 Berlin Conference
Organized division of African continent
Liberia/Ethiopia only remaining independent countries
Consequences
Destroyed native culture
Helped industrialize Africa
Railroads, medicine, telegraph
Increased European rivalries

8. Imperialism in India Decline of Mughal Empire  British arrival
British focused on trade
British East India Company
Hired Sepoys (Indian soldiers) to protect trade interests
British began reforming Indian government
Weakened regional princes
Private land ownership
Easier to collect taxes
Christian missionary work
Increased agricultural production

9. The Sepoy Mutiny (1857) British influence led to oppression
Destroyed cotton textile industries
Oppression leads to discontent
Sepoys rebel
Resented having to fight overseas
Did not want to be converted to Christianity
Most were Hindu or Muslim
Rumor of pig/cow fat being used to grease weapons
Hindus ≠ Cows (Sacred) & Muslims ≠ Pigs (Unclean)

10. The Mutiny as a Turning Point
Put down by British, leaders killed
Queen Victoria declares freedom of religion, equal protection under the law
A viceroy is appointed to oversee affairs
Replaces East India Company’s rule
Indian National Congress (INC) pushes for reform
Especially to help the poor
Hoped to achieve independence (not until 1947)

11. Consequences of British Rule
Damaged native culture
Esp. India’s textile industry
Introduced new technologies to India.
Railroad, telegraph, steamships

12. Imperialism in China The Opium War (1839-1842)
British wanted to sell to Chinese
Qing Dynasty restricted trade
British sold opium, refused to ban trade
Chinese burn British warehouses
British defeat Chinese easily
Advanced technology

13. Results of the Opium War
Treaty of Nanking
Required China to open additional ports of trade
Legalization of Opium trade
British control Hong Kong
China carved into ‘spheres of influence’
Leads to Taiping Rebellion (Civil War)
20-30 million killed

14. Imperialism in Japan Review of Japanese History:
Emperor existed as a figurehead
Power was with Shogun
(military leader)
Regional lords (Daimyo) controlled day to day
1600s – Japan closes borders to outsiders
1853 – Commodore Matthew Perry arrives
U.S. warships
Demands access for trade

15. The Japanese Response Treaty of Kanagawa Daimyo overthrow the Shogun
Similar to unequal treaties signed by China
Japan feared a similar fate (Opium War)
Daimyo overthrow the Shogun
Leads to civil war in Japan
Meiji Restoration
New government
Restored the Emperor (Mutsuhito)

16. Impact on Japan
Unlike China, Japan begins widespread industrialization/modernization
Goals:
Protection from western powers
Increase own power/prestige
Japan will eventually become a colonial power

17. Comparing Europe and Japan
Similarities
Differences
Private entrepreneurs
Mechanization
Factory development
Textiles
Women and children participated
Growth of population and technology
Europe began late 1700s
Japan not until mid 1800s
Europe motivated by private business interests
(folks wanted to get rich)
Japan motivated by imperialism to protect itself

18. Imperialism in Latin America (1)
Review:
Independence gained from Spain in early 1800s
Rich with natural resources
Complicated social/economic hierarchy

19. Imperialism in Latin America (2)
New:
British/US investors exploited riches
Agricultural and mineral
Supported by Latin American elites
Helped bring about modernization
Increased wealth of the upper class
Imperialists often used military power
Did not attempt to conquer Latin America

21. Major Imperialism Similarities
Positives
Negatives
Technological advancement
Transportation (RR, roads)
communication (telegraph)
Increase in trade
Raw materials/natural resources
Improved health care and education
European domination of politics, culture, and economy
Exploitation of people and resources

22. The Roles of Women (1750-1914) Similarities Differences
Main role  wife/mother
Non-elites worked
Factories, then white collar
Elites did not work outside of the home
Fought/participated in revolutions and independence movements
Fail to gain any major concessions other than some simple education
Suffrage movements in Americas and Europe
No such movements in China, Japan, or India
Chinese elites  foot binding
Sati outlawed in India by Mughals and British
Still practiced at times