1. Section 6-4 “Traits & Genes”
Write everything that is underlined

2. KEY CONCEPT Genes encode proteins that produce a diverse range of traits

3. Important Vocabulary Terms for You to Know
Please make a chart or table at the top of your notes for these vocabulary terms:
Gene
Allelle
Homozygous
Heterozygous
Genome
Genotype
Phenotype
Dominant
Recessive

4. A. The same gene can have many versions
1. A gene is a piece of DNA that tells a cell to make a certain protein
Each gene has a locus,
a specific position
on a pair of
homologous chromosomes

5. 2. An allele is an alternative form of a gene
-Each parent donates one allele for every gene
Pea plants have 2 alleles for shape - they receive one from each parent
For shape, there is a wrinkled allele and a round allele

6. B. Genes influence the development of traits
All of an organism’s genetic material is called the genome
A genotype refers to the actual genes
A phenotype is the physical expression of a trait

7. C. Genotype: 1. The gene combination of an organism
It consists of 2 alleles
For example:
Pure dominant, 2 dominant genes
Pure recessive, 2 recessive genes
Hybrid, 1 dominant and 1 recessive gene

8. 1. The way an organism looks
D. Phenotype:
1. The way an organism looks
No matter what genes are present, phenotype of a tall pea plant is tall and a short pea plant is short

9. 2. Dominant alleles are represented by uppercase letters
A dominant allele is expressed as a phenotype when at least one allele is dominant
A recessive allele is expressed as a phenotype only when two copies are present
2. Dominant alleles are represented by uppercase letters
3. Recessive alleles by lowercase letters

10. Think fast!!!
Determine if the following is genotype or phenotype.
A horse with white stockings
A pink rose that was bred from a white rose and red rose
A pig that has super heavy muscling

11. E. Mendel’s observed traits
Dominant traits: covers up the other traits
Recessive traits: traits that “disappear”
Rule of Dominance: When a dominant trait is present the recessive trait is hidden

12. How’s it related????
You have 4 minutes and 25 seconds to draw a concept map to show (with words, chart, or a concept map) how these terms are related.
Gene
Genotype
Phenotype
Allelle
Dominant traits
Recessive traits

13. Most traits occur in a range and do not follow simple dominant-recessive patterns

14. F. The Law of Independent Assortment:
Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other
When you have 2 or more different traits they are not “stuck” together

15. Example (for your genetics book)
Seed types of Parents:
Wrinkled, yellow
Round, green
You can get offspring with:
Wrinkled, green seeds
Or Round, yellow seeds