1. Kingdom Protista
Section 9.4

2. Protists ~1.5 billion years old Eukaryotes Most: unicellular
Membrane-bound nucleus
More efficient at carrying out cellular activities than prokaryotes
All of the eukaryotic organisms are here that do not fit into the other kingdoms
Most: unicellular
All single celled eukaryotes are protists
Most: microscopic
Autotrophs & heterotrophs
Most: live in aquatic habitats (fresh or salt water)
Plankton
Zooplankton – animal-like
Phytoplankton – plant-like

3. Classification of Protists
Based on:
How they obtain nutrition
How they move
Plant-like – AKA “algae”
Animal-like – AKA “protozoa” (1st animal)
Fungus-like – AKA “slime moulds”

4. Plant-like Protists 6 phyla Carry out photosynthesis
Contain chlorophyll
Can be unicellular or multicellular
Commonly called algae

5. Unicellular Algae Four phyla
Euglenophyta
Chrysophyta (diatoms - pictured)
Pyrrophyta (dinoflagellates)
Some chlorophyta
Accessory pigments (e.g. carotene) help absorb light, give algae a variety of colours

6. Euglenophytes Euglena Live in water Flagella for movement
Photosynthesis in the light, but can consume solid food when light is unavailable
Have an eyespot for sensing light

7. Chrysophytes
Dinoflagellates

8. Red, Brown & Green Algae Mostly multicellular
No tissues
Green algae: phylum Chlorophyta
Unicellular: phytoplankton
Colonial: e.g.Volvox
Multicellular: e.g. ulva, sea lettuce, spirogyra
Green algae are primary producers
Produce ~67% of the global supply of O2

9. Seaweed Red & brown alage
Phaeophyta
Rhodophyta
Contain chlorophyll & other pigments to capture light that passes through water

10. Animal-like Protists “protozoans” Usually motile
Most: reproduce asexually by binary fission
Heterotrophic – must consume food
Holozoic – engulf their food
Saprozoic – absorb nutrients through their cell membranes
Classified by how they move
4 phyla

11. Zooflagellates Phylum Mastigophora Move through water using flagella
Most: parasitic

12. Sarcodines Phylum Sarcodina
Move using cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopodia (false feet)
Movement is also called “ameboid movement”
Ex: amoeba

13. Amoeba The word “amoeba” means “to change”
Their cytoplasm is always moving

14. Ciliates Phylum Ciliophora Protists that move using cilia
ex: paramecium

15. Ameboid & Ciliated movement
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16. Sporozoans Do not move on their own Parasitic
Move via the body fluids of their hosts

17. Parasitic Protists
Vector – an organism that can carry a parasite – infects other organisms (hosts) with that parasite

18. Malaria Protist: Plasmodium Vector: Anopholes Mosquito
million cases each year
2-3 million deaths per year
Fever, headache, vomiting
Lives in the bloodstream, clogs capillaries, destroys blood cells

19. African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosomiasis)
Protist: Trypanosoma
Vector: Tse Tse Fly
Sub-Saharan Africa
Fever, headaches, pain in joints
Infects the central nervous system, causes confusion, lack of coordination, uncontrolled sleepiness

20. Giardiasis Protist: Giardia Transmission: Drinking contaminated water
Severe diarrhea, vomiting
Protist lives in the
digestive tract

21. Questions
Do developed countries have a responsibility toward treating and containing parasitic infections found in other parts of the world?
Why is controlling the vector important to control the disease?
One of the best ways to prevent many parasitic infections is to have a source of clean water. Why do you think many third world countries have more incidences of parasitic infection than other countries?

22. Fungus-like Protists Heterotrophs Decomposers
Slime moulds and water moulds
Leaves a slimy trail as it moves (slowly) across the ground
Single cells come together to work as a primitive multicellular organism

24. To do: “Practice” questions on page 356-357
#1-11: in your notebooks
#12: pass in on Friday
Read Chapter 10, section
Kingdom Archaebacteria, Eubacteria & Protista quiz on Monday/Tuesday