1. Warm- Up TOC: 25. Minerals 26. Mineral Chart 27. Pg. 61 Pt. 1
Answer the following questions in your notebook.
What is the difference between an element and a compound?
Why would you not expect to find neon in a mineral?
What are the 3 subatomic particles and their respective charges?
TOC:
25. Minerals
26. Mineral Chart
27. Pg. 61 Pt. 1
Keywords:
Mineral
Silicates
Carbonates
Oxides
Native Elements

2. Minerals

3. Minerals Occur naturally: synthetic gems are not minerals
Inorganic: non- living, nor made by living organisms
Orderly crystalline structure: highly organized on the molecular level

4. Mineral Formation
The nearly 4000 minerals found in Earth’s crust from in different ways.
Four major processes form minerals:
Crystallization from magma
Precipitation
Pressure and temperature
Hydrothermal solutions
Matching Minerals

5. Crystallization from Magma
Magma is molten rock
Elements combine during cooling through bonding
Minerals rich in aluminum, potassium, and sodium are common

6. Precipitation Water has dissolved substances
As water evaporates, elements left behind will combine
Stalactites are examples

7. Pressure and Temperature
Tremendous pressure or high temperatures can cause atoms to rearrange in a more orderly fashion
Higher order leads to a crystal
Temperature can change one mineral into another

8. Hydrothermal Solutions
Superhot ( C) mixture of water and elements
Cooling can lead to crystallization
Mixture can also react with other minerals to change them

9. Silicates
Silicates: about 90% of Earth’s crust; composed of silicon and oxygen combinations; silicate olivine

10. Carbonates
Carbonates: second most common; contain carbon, oxygen, and at least one metal; dolomite

11. Oxides
Oxides: contain oxygen and one or more other element, usually a metal; common from magma; rust, corundum

12. Sulfates and Sulfides
Sulfates and Sulfides: contain sulfur and usually from from evaporation of water; gypsum and pyrite

13. Halides
Halides: contain a halogen ion (group 7a) and at least one other element (NaCl)

14. Mineral Groups
Native Elements: minerals that exist in their pure elemental form; gold, silver, copper, carbon (diamonds and graphite)

15. Assignment
Mineral Recap Copy the flow chart for mineral types from the board and complete. On pg. 61 complete 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 13, ANSWER IN COMPLETE SENTENCES