1. Representative Groups
Chapter 5 Section 3 Pg

2. Representative Groups
Why is Hydrogen on the left side of the periodic table with the active metals?
It is a nonmetal gas that seems to have more in common with the nonmetals in Group 17
Hydrogen’s location is related to its electron configuration, not its properties

3. The Alkali Metals Group 1
Have single valence electron and are extremely reactive
Found in nature only in compounds because they are so reactive
The reactivity of alkali metals increases from the top of Group 1 to the bottom
Sodium and potassium are stored under oil to keep them from reacting with the oxygen and water vapor in air

4. Alkali Metals

5. The Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2
All have 2 valence electrons
Harder metals than metals in group 1
Differences in reactivity are shown by the ways they react with water

6. Alkaline Earth Metals

7. The Alkaline Earth Metals
Magnesium
Plays a key role in photosynthesis (the center of chlorophyll is Mg)
A mixture of Mg and other metals can be as strong as steel, but much lighter

8. The Alkaline Earth Metals
Calcium
Body needs calcium to keep bones and teeth strong
Calcium carbonate: compound of calcium, carbon, and oxygen- main ingredient in chalk, limestone, coral, and
pearls

9. TRANSITION METALS Groups 3 – 12
Lanthanide & Actinide Series are also part of this group

10. The Boron Family
Group 13
All have 3 valence electrons
Aluminum is the most abundant metal in Earth’s crust

11. The Carbon Family Group 14
1 nonmetal (carbon), 2 metalloids (silicon, germanium) and 2 metals (tin, lead)
Each has 4 valence electrons
Except for water, most of the compounds in your body contain carbon
Silicon is the second most abundant element in Earth’s crust

12. Carbon Family

13. The Nitrogen Family Group 15
Has 2 nonmetals (N, P), 2 metalloids (As, Sb), and 1 metal (Bi)
Wide range of physical properties
All have 5 valence electrons
Nitrogen: nonmetal gas
Phosphorus: solid nonmetal
Bismuth: a dense metal
Besides nitrogen, fertilizers often contain phosphorus

14. Nitrogen Family

15. The Oxygen Family Group 16
All have 6 valence electrons
Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth’s crust
Complex forms of life need oxygen to stay alive because it releases the energy stored in food
Ozone is another form of oxygen; at ground level it is an irritant, at upper levels it absorbs harmful radiation emitted by the sun
Sulfur was one of the first elements to be discovered- found in large natural deposits

16. Oxygen Family

17. The Halogens
Group 17
Each has 7 valence electrons
Despite their physical differences, the halogens have similar chemical properties
Highly reactive nonmetals (fluorine most reactive, chlorine is a close second)
React easily with most metals

18. The Noble Gases
Group 18
Each has 8 valence electrons with the exception of Helium which has 2
Colorless and odorless and extremely unreactive
Some light bulbs are filled with argon because the glowing filament in the bulbs will not react with argon as it would react with oxygen

19. The Noble Gases

20. Representative Groups