1. Human Body Organs and Functions
Big Idea 14 (#1)
Classification
Skeletal System
Muscular System
Circulatory System

2. Did you know? Your body is made of trillions of cells.
Do you remember what a cell is?

3. A Cell… All organisms are made of cells.
A cell is the smallest living part of an organism.
The Human body is made of different kinds of cells.
For example: bone cells, nerve cells, muscle cells, blood cells, heart cells, lung cells, etc.
Each kind of cell performs a different function.
Nerve cells carry messages to and from your brain, Muscles cells make parts of your body move, blood cells carry oxygen to all your other cells, etc.
Since we have many different cells, humans and other animals are multicellular (many celled) organisms.

4. The Animal Cell
Nucleus: controls many of the functions of the cell and contains the DNA.
Vacuole: it is fluid filled and it fills with food being digested and waste material that is on its way out of the cell. Can have more than one.

5. Levels of Organization…
Multicellular organisms have various levels of organization within them.
Individual cells may perform specific functions and also work together for the good of the entire organism.
The cells become dependent on one another:
Cells work together to form tissues.
Tissues work together to form organs.
Organs work together to form organ systems.

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7. Your Body’s Systems:
The Human Body has 11 organ systems. In 5th grade, you need to focus on these 8 organ systems:
Skeletal System Respiratory System
Muscular System Circulatory System
Digestive System Nervous System
Excretory System Reproductive System
** All the organ systems are woven together such that one cannot function without the other.

8. Skeletal System…
Your body has two organ systems that work together to help you move.
Do you know which ones they are?
That’s right!
They are the skeletal system and
the muscular system.
Let’s focus first on the skeletal system…

9. Fun Facts about the Skeletal System…
At birth the human skeleton is made up of around 300 bones. By adulthood, some bones have fused together to end up with 206 bones.
Human bones grow continually from birth till about your mid 20’s.
If broken our bones will re-grow and repair themselves. Doctor’s place a cast on splint to make sure these bones repair straight.
The longest bone in the body is the thigh bone called the femur.
The smallest bone in the body is located in the middle ear.
Like our skin, the human body’s bones are also constantly worn down and re-made, to the point where every 7 years we essentially have a new bone.
The area of our body with the most bones is the hand, fingers, and wrist (54 bones)
Calcium is very important for our bones- helps keep them strong and healthy.
The areas where our bones meet are called joints.

10. Skeletal System (what’s it made of ?)
The skeletal system is made of bones, ligaments, tendons, and cartilage.
Two or more bones meet at a joint.
Cartilage: a strong tissue that is more flexible than bone. Connects bones together. It is found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the throat, and between the bones in the back.
Ligament: tough bands of tissue that hold your bones together at your joints, like your elbow. They make it possible for you to bend and move in all the right ways.
Tendon: connect our soft contracting muscle to our hard bones.

11. Functions of the Skeletal System…
Supports your body and gives it shape.
Protects your internal organs (skull protects your brain, rib cage protects your heart and lungs, etc)
Allows you to move when muscles pull on bones
Stores substances such as Calcium and silicon
Makes red blood cells (carry oxygen), white blood cells (fight germs), and platelets (helps stop the bleeding).
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12. Bones (Sung to “Home on the Range”)
Oh, give me some bones That are sturdy as stones. That connect from my head to my toes. My bones help me out, Help my body about, They protect it wherever it goes! Chorus: Bones, bones hard and strong, All connected so nothing goes wrong. Bones protect me as I go along.
The bones in my spine Help me out, Help my body about, Bones protect me as I go along! Chorus: Bones, bones hard and strong, All connected so nothing goes wrong. My bones help me out, Bones protect me as I go along.
Ask: What does our bones do for us? (protect) What do our bones form? (our skeleton)

13. Muscular System
Your muscular system is made of muscles that cause parts of your body to move.
Muscles move your bones/body parts
Muscles make your heart beat and pumps blood through your circulatory system
Muscles make you breathe.
Muscles move food through your digestive system

14. Why Are Muscles Important to the Body?
Without muscles, you couldn’t move. Muscles have other functions besides movement. Muscle is what causes your heart to beat so blood can be pumped all through your body. Organs inside your body sometimes need to move. Blood vessels have to change their shape. These movements are caused by muscles. Did you know that there are around 650 skeletal muscles in our bodies?
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15. Functions of the Muscular System…
There are three kinds of muscles in your body. Each kind has different functions:
Skeletal Muscles
Heart Muscles
Smooth Muscles
Let’s look at their individual functions!
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17. Skeletal Muscles…
Skeletal muscles: Move bones. The skeletal muscles pull on the bones in your leg and you can kick, move, etc.
You can control your skeletal muscles.

18. Smooth Muscles They are found in many organs.
Smooth Muscles are not under the control of your brain, but rather operate on their own without instructions. They work automatically.
Smooth muscles can be found throughout your body, including in your stomach, in your blood vessels, in your digestive system, and in your eyes.
They are used to move food through your digestive system, regulate blood flow, and decrease the size of your pupils when there is too much light.
They let you breathe, cough, and sneeze.
They work automatically, but you can control some of them.
Ex: you can cough on purpose if you want to.
Smooth muscle cells are connected directly
to one another, allowing electrical pulses
to pass through them.

19. Heart Muscles…
Heart Muscles make your heart beat and pump blood through your body.
You cannot control your heart muscles.
Your heart beats without you thinking about it.
Like smooth muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells are not under the control of your brain, but instead operate independently.
Also like smooth muscle cells, the cells
of your heart are connected directly
to one another, allowing electrical pulses
to flow through them.

20. What Are the Two Main Types of Muscles?
Muscles that you have to think about using are called voluntary muscles. For example, your brain sends signals to muscles in your legs before you kick a soccer ball. How often do you decide to make your heart beat? You can’t! Your heart muscle beats without you thinking about it. Muscles that work without you thinking about them are called involuntary muscles.
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21. Concept Review: Muscular System
Why are muscles important to the body?
Answer: Muscles are important because they provide movement for the body.
2. What are the two main types of muscles?
Answer: The two main types of muscles are
voluntary and involuntary.

22. Bones and Muscles What do they do?
Support your body.
Protect your vital organs.
Store minerals like calcium.
Produce red blood cells.
Attach muscles.
Come in different sizes and shapes.
Move your body.
Make your heart beat and pump blood through out the body.
Let you breathe, cough and sneeze.
Move food through your digestive system.
How do our bones work with our muscles? Let’s watch a Discovery video Bones and Muscles. Listen and take notes on the functions of each.
We can watch another video on just bones. Click on Bones. Then ask?
What the functions of our bones?
Let’s look at the muscles again. Click on Muscles. What are their functions.
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23. How are muscles different throughout the body?
Different parts of the body have different types of muscles. Some muscles are attached to bones with tendons, and other muscles are within organs and help them function.
Some skeletal muscles work in pairs. When one muscle in the pair contracts, or shortens, the other muscle relaxes.
Example: biceps and triceps

24. Fun Facts about Muscles:
Muscle is a soft tissue in the body of humans and animals. Its main purpose is to produce force and motion.
There are around 650 skeletal muscles in the human body.
Muscle makes up around half of the total human body weight. Muscle tissue is also around 15% denser than fat tissue.
It takes 17 muscles in the face for us to smile and 43 muscles to frown.
The jaw muscle is the strongest in the body.

25. Circulatory System…
Your circulatory system moves blood throughout your body.
Organs in the Circulatory System include: heart and blood vessels.

26. What is the heart’s function
What is the heart’s function? Let’s sing Heart and Blood and find out Sung to “The Ants Go Marching One by One”
The heart is pumping blood for us, Hurrah, hurrah! The heart’s a muscle, fabulous, It pumps all day without a fuss, And the blood goes round Because of our pumping heart!
The blood supplies us oxygen, Hurrah, hurrah! It’s what our body needs to run, The blood supplies us oxygen,] And that’s a need for everyone, And the blood goes round Because of our pumping heart!
What does this song teach us about the heart?
It’s a muscle. It pumps blood around the body. The blood supplies oxygen that our body needs.
Play the Discovery Ed. Video: Introducing the Human Heart.
Let’s watch Introducing the Human Heart How does the heart work?

27. The HEART…
Your heart is really a muscle. It's located a little to the left of the middle of your chest, and it's about the size of your fist.
The heart sends blood around your body.
The blood provides your body with the oxygen and nutrients it needs.
It also carries away waste.
Our heart is sort of like a pump, or two pumps in one.

28. Left Side, Right Side… Be careful with Right Side and Left Side.
When we say right side, it is the right side of the heart. If you are looking at the heart, it would be on your left.
Ok! Ready?
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29. Right Side of Heart (Blue):
Oxygen poor or Unoxygeneted Blood
Blood comes from the body (Superior and Inferior Vena Cava) into the heart .
This blood has no oxygen but picked up CO2.
Blood goes from the Right Atrium to the Right Ventricle and up to the Right and Left Pulmonary Arteries where the blood will go to the Lungs.
There, the blood will receive Oxygen, get rid of CO2, and go back towards the left side of the heart.

31. Left Side of Heart (Red):
Oxygen Rich blood or oxygenated blood
Blood is coming back from the lungs through the Pulmonary Veins, where it picked up O2 and left the CO2 behind.
Blood will go through the ,Left Atrium, down the Left Ventricle and back up to go out through the Aorta.
From the Aorta blood travels to give O2 to cells and pick up wastes. It will travel up again, and we start the cycle again.

32. How does blood travel? ARTERIES
Blood travels away from the heart in arteries. (Red).
The arteries nearest the heart are very large.
They get narrower as they branch out to different parts of the body.
The narrowest vessels are called capillaries.
The capillaries will then connect the artery blood with the veins.
VEINS
Veins carry blood back to the heart.
This blood now has little or no Oxygen and lots of CO2.

33. In the intestines, a nutrient-waste exchange occurs.
Inside the capillaries in the lungs, an oxygen-carbon dioxide exchange occurs.
In the intestines, a nutrient-waste exchange occurs.
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34. The movement of the
blood through the heart
and around the body
is called circulation.
It takes less than 60 seconds
to pump blood to every cell
in your body.

35. How Does the Heart Sound? Explain
When you go for a checkup, your doctor uses a stethoscope to listen carefully to your heart. A healthy heart makes a lub-dub sound with each beat. This sound comes from the valves shutting on the blood inside the heart.
The first sound (the lub) happens when the mitral and tricuspid valves close. The next sound (the dub) happens when the aortic and pulmonary valves close after the blood has been squeezed out of the heart. A healthy heart makes a “lub dub” sound with each beat.
First you can click on the discovery link to hear a heart beat and compare the heart rate at rest to running.
Have students watch the video: How the Heart Works and then make the Pump Power booklet to find out how the heart works.
Have students share and write the key points learned what they learned.

36. How does exercise and emotions affect your heart rate?
We see and hear about hearts everywhere. A long time ago, people even thought that their emotions came from their hearts, maybe because the heart beats faster when a person is scared or excited. Emotions come from the brain, and in this case, the brain tells the heart to speed up.
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