1. Unit 3 – Minerals and Rocks
Do Now – Number the pages (there should be 40)
HW – You may clean out your folders

2. Minerals are: What is a Mineral?
Today’s Objective:
What is a Mineral?
Important Vocabulary
Minerals are:
Naturally occurring – Forms by natural geologic processes.
Solid substance

3. Definite chemical composition – most are made up of two or more elements.
Inorganic – not living
Calcite primarily comes from the remains of shells from living organisms

4. Orderly crystalline structure – atoms are arranged in an orderly and repetitive manner.
Crystals –
A solid body having a visually symmetrical pattern to it’s atomic arrangement

5. Sand (SiO4) is a common silicate
Example - Crystalline Structures
Silicon and Oxygen combine to form a structure called the Silicon-Oxygen Tetrahedron.
Sand (SiO4) is a common silicate

6. Because the atoms are arranged differently.
The following minerals are both made of pure Carbon, why do they look different?
Graphite
Diamond
Because the atoms are arranged differently.

7. As the water evaporates the sugar is left behind
How are minerals formed?
Precipitates
Minerals are left behind from a body of water when it evaporates
Example - Rock Candy
As the water evaporates the sugar is left behind

8. Changes minerals into new minerals
Heat and Pressure
Changes minerals into new minerals
Crystallize
Minerals that form out of cooling magma

9. Hydrothermal
Super heated water causes chemical reactions that change minerals into new ones.

10. its internal arrangement of atoms.
A mineral’s properties are caused by
its internal arrangement of atoms.

11. Properties of Minerals
Color (NOT reliable)
Many minerals have the same color OR one mineral can have many colors
Small amounts of different elements can give the same mineral different colors.

12. Streak
- Streak is the color of a mineral in its powdered form.
- Streak is obtained by rubbing a mineral across a streak plate (a piece of porcelain.)

13. Hardness
Hardness is a measure of the resistance of a mineral to being scratched on glass.
The Mohs scale consists of 10 minerals arranged from 10 (hardest) to 1 (softest).
Glass has a hardness of about 5.5

14. Other
- Few minerals bubble in the presence of an acid (Calcite and Dolomite)

15. Cleavage
- Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to cleave, or break, along flat, even surfaces.
Fracture
- Fracture is the uneven breakage of a mineral.

16. Luster
- Luster is used to describe how light is reflected from the surface of a mineral.
Metallic vs Non-Metallic

17. Watch the video and take the REVIEW quiz
rvcschools
Watch the video and take the REVIEW quiz