1. Andrew Jackson Growth of American Democracy
Chapter 14

2. How well did A. Jackson Promote democracy? Big Question
1828 Presidential Campaign
1828 Presidential Campaign
John Quincy Adams v. Andrew Jackson
President v. War Hero of 1812
One of the dirtiest campaigns in history
Mudslinging occurring
Accusations made about the other persons
Example of Mudslinging
John Adams
Adams was accused of being a “Sabbath-Breaker” b/c he traveled on Sunday
Accused of paying for White House furniture with public money – really he bought a pool table with own money
Andrew Jackson
Blamed to be ignorant and unstable
Aired scandalous stories about his wife
Winner of election: Andrew Jackson
Reason: gained support from general population
*Not rich and upper class

3. Jackson’s Beginnings Born in 1767 in South Carolina
Quick Bio:
Call Jackson – New Lawyer
Born in 1767 in South Carolina
Dad died before his birth
Family was poor
Athlete
Had a temper – caused for many fights when younger
Joined the Carolina militia at 13
Had scares on his head and hand from refusing to polish a British officers boots
1788 – Heads to Nashville, TN
Know as a rough town, but growing
Practice grew with the growing amount of people
Eventually grew into a very wealthy landowner with slaves
Became rich, but with his hot temper
Ex.) Challenge a slave to a duel (acceptable behavior then) and killed a man named, Charles Dickenson, Jackson was shot first, but killed Charles

4. Jackson’s Beginnings Henry Clay Known as, “Corrupt Bargain”
Back in Tennessee – People’s Choice
The Push
Served in the House and Senate
Became widely known from the Battle of New Orleans
1824
Ran for President against
Henry Clay
William Crawford
John Quincy Adams
Jackson won the popular vote and electoral votes
But did not have enough electoral college votes for the majority
If a tie occurs, the House of Representatives chooses from the candidates
Henry Clay
4th in the voting
Swayed the Representatives to vote for Adams
Gained enough support for Adams to win
Clay was appointed his Secretary of State
Shared the same view points as Adams
Known as, “Corrupt Bargain”

5. Jackson’s Beginnings Victory exemplified that the
The time off before 1828
Democratic Party
Jackson’s Supporters built a new political organization before the election
Promise of this party:
Represent the ordinary farmer, worker, and the poor
Push Jackson’s idea – organized parades, picnics, and rallies
First campaign song: “Hunter of Kentucky”
Campaign slogans: “Adams can write, but Jackson can fight”
Victory exemplified that the
common people should run the
government
JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY
Outcome: Jackson Victory!!

6. Inauguration of Andrew Jackson
Everyone wants to see Jackson
New Viewpoint
March 4, 1829
People from all over came to witness the inauguration
Over booked hotels – over crowded Washington D.C.
Many of these people were first time voters
Prior to this 1828 election – only the rich and upper class really voted
Society believed white men with property were thought to have an education and could vote wisely
New states west of Appalachians
Frontier men
Perspective: all men, rich or poor, educated or not, shared the same opportunities and share the same rights
Rights excluded:
African Americans
American Indians
Women
Common people were pushing their opinion and got their President
Voting in 1828 reached over 1 million people
More than 3x’s the amount of 1824
Believed they rescued their nation from the “monied interests”, the rich
Shift in power from rich – to the West

7. Jackson’s Approach to Governing
Kitchen Cabinet – Story behind the name
Spoil System
He listened to others, then did what he thought was right
His advice came from his most trusted friends and political supporters
He would meet them in the White House kitchen
Developed the nickname of “Kitchen Cabinet”
Situation: Jackson replaced Republican officeholders with loyal democrats
People who took these jobs assumed this was a lifetime appointment
WRONG - Jackson believed in rotating people in office
No position should be a lifetime
Believed after a few years, civil servants should go back to making a living as others do
Opponents called this appointment a practice of
the spoils system
Spoils mean (prizes) of winning
Only dismissed 10% of civil servants
Republicans made it sound like more
Many deserved it!!
-Embezzlement-

8. Jackson’s Approach to Governing
Nullification Crisis
Nullification Crisis
Congress passed higher tariffs (1828)
Intention: to help American manufactures outsell foreign competitors
Country was split on this new law
Northern States: full of factories and favored the tariff
Southern States: feared the tariff discouraged trade amongst nations
Heavily exported their cotton/tobacco to other nations
Believed it favored only one region of the U.S.
1832
Jackson lowered the tariffs – but not enough to please the Southern states
Calhoun claimed that S. Carolina was able to reject the 1828 and 1832 tariff laws (nullification)
S. Carolina took the threat to secede if the national government tried to enforce the tariff laws
Results from Southern actions:
Jackson has Congress pass the Force Bill – us the federal army to collect tariffs if needed
Congress passes a compromise bill that lowered tariffs more
S.Carolina did not secede but tension between North and South would continue
John C. Calhoun (Vice President)
Encouraged the South to declare
the tariff as “null and void”

9. Jackson’s Approach to Governing
Battle the Banks
Battle the Banks
Jackson view of the national bank
Benefitted only the rich at the expense of farmers and workers
Restricted the capitalists in the West and other regions
Distrusted the president, Nicholas Biddle
Banks charter (contract) is up
Renewal is coming in 1836
Jackson would need a reelection to defeat the bank
Henry Clay
Pushes a bill through to renew bank charter sooner
Clay’s Thoughts:
If Jackson signed the bill: would lose votes from farmers etc…
If Jackson vetoed the bill: lose votes from the business people who depend on the bank for loans
Jackson vetoed the charter
Also reelected to a 2nd term
Population wise:
Many more poor farmers
than rich bankers

10. Jackson’s Approach to Governing
Pet Banks
Jackson wanted to destroy the federal banks
Order Secretary of Treasury to move all federal deposits into state banks
State banks that received federal deposits were referred to as “Pet Banks”
These banks were ran by Jackson supporters
Jackson believed that by doing this, it was establishing economic democracy

11. Jackson’s Approach to Governing
Indian Policy
Indian Policy
Not sympathetic towards Native Americans
Created national policy to remove Indians who remained in the East by force
Treaties had been in place removed Indians from their lands for white men settlement
Only 125,000 Indians still lived east of the Mississippi
Jackson was eager to remove all remaining Native Americans West
Remaining Natives
Lived in the South
Creek
Cherokee
Chickasaw
Choctaw
Seminole
Many assimilated to stay on their land
Became farmers, not hunters
Learned to read and write
Main reason for the Native American push was GREED
Cotton growing was spreading quickly
Referred to as,
“Five Civilized Tribes”

12. Jackson’s Approach to Governing
Indian Removal Act
Indian Removal Act
Pushed by Jackson in 1830
Gave President the power to make treaties with Native Americans of the East
Traded their eastern land for lands in the Great Plains
1831: Supreme Court ruled they could keep their land – and law said never where they suppose to be pushed away by force
Jackson disagreed with the verdict
Any group that refused to move west voluntarily where met by force
Force usually had a lot of blood shed
Example: Sac and Fox Indians of Illinois
Fight that lasted 2 years – mostly all warriors slaughtered

13. Jackson’s Approach to Governing
Trail of Tears
End Result
1836
Thousands of Creek Indians refused to leave Alabama
All were rounded up and marched west in handcuffs
1838 (Under Martin Van Buren)
17,000 Cherokees were forced from their homes in Georgia
In the winter, 4,000 of them lost their lives to the Indian Territory
This walk is known as the Trail of Tears
Given the name by the survivors of the walk
Jackson felt good about getting rid of the Indians from eastern lands
What he really did, was create the problem west of the Mississippi
Settlers v. Native Americans in West